Ch.2 Communication: Means, Impairments, Intervention

Question 1

What is stuttering?

Answer 1

disorder of fluency where fillers, hesitations, and/or repetitions in speech happen excessively or are accompanied by lots of tension, struggle, and fear.

Question 2

What is a support group?

Answer 2

a group of individuals who have the same struggles and who express their experiences of those struggles

Question 3

What is phonotactics?

Answer 3

rules that govern where sounds should be arranged in words

Question 4

What is linguistic intuition?

Answer 4

recognizing when grammar in a sentence is right or wrong

Question 5

What does it mean to describe a disorder as acquired?

Answer 5

the disorder resulted from an illness

Question 6

What is fluency?

Answer 6

smooth and forward flow of communication; impacted by rhythm and rate of speech

Question 7

What is grammar or syntax?

Answer 7

word order; the rules of a given language

Question 8

What is a dynamic assessment?

Answer 8

a way to assess a client; explore a client’s ability to change behavior by making sounds that were previously misarticulated, learning a language rule, decreasing misfluencies, etc.

Question 9

What does it mean to describe a cause as perpetuating?

Answer 9

causes that maintain or continue the problem

Question 10

What does it mean to describe a disorder as congenital?

Answer 10

the disorder came about at birth

Question 11

What is a post-therapy test?

Answer 11

test that client takes after being done with therapy to determine the effectiveness of an intervention method and to determine if the client met the short-term and long-term goals set

Question 12

What is semantics?

Answer 12

the meaning of a given language

Question 13

What is phonology?

Answer 13

the sound system of English (43 phonemes); one aspect of the form of a language

Question 14

What is proxemics?

Answer 14

study of the physical distance between people and how that distance affects people

Question 15

What does it mean to describe a test as criteron-referenced?

Answer 15

it is used to assess a client’s strengths and weaknesses based on certain skills and does not compare those criteria to others, particularly to children

Question 16

What does it mean to describe a test as norm referenced?

Answer 16

it brings about scores of a client that are then compared to a sample of similar individuals

Question 17

What is a bound morpheme?

Answer 17

words that cannot stand on their own; play a similar role as dependent clauses; ex. prefixes and suffixes

Question 18

What are semantic features?

Answer 18

bits of meaning that coalesce to define a certain word; ex. girl and woman means feminine and human, yet “child” is generally seen as a feature in girls and not in women

Question 19

What is a diagnosis?

Answer 19

A problem identified by an SLP or a provider

Question 20

What is a phoneme?

Answer 20

unit of sound that distinguish one 1 word for another word in a certain language

Question 21

What is language?

Answer 21

a code known by all in a given society; this code represents ideas

Question 22

What is baseline data?

Answer 22

data that reflects a client’s multiple responses to a given test or method under several conditions

Question 23

What is incidental teaching?

Answer 23

when an SLP follows the client’s lead during therapy but teaches the client too

Question 24

What is phonology?

Answer 24

theories and cognitive concepts of the nature, production, and rules for creating and combining speech sounds

Question 25

What is articulation?

Answer 25

how speech sounds are formed

Question 26

What is a prognosis?

Answer 26

informed prediction of an outcome of a disorder

Question 27

What is communication?

Answer 27

an exchange of ideas; one person sends a message and another person receives it.

Question 28

What is the rate of speech?

Answer 28

How fast one talks

Question 29

What is developmental disfluency?

Answer 29

type of fluency disruption that occurs because a child is developing his or her speech; e.g. a 2 y/o repeating words "I want want want a cookie"

Question 30

What is booster treatment?

Answer 30

follow-up or maintenance of the skills that a client learns

Question 31

What is the form of a language consist of?

Answer 31

phonology, morphology, and syntax

Question 32

What does the content of a language consist of?

Answer 32

semantics

Question 33

What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 33

hearing loss caused by damage to the middle ear; some with this disorder may describe a sound as too soft

Question 34

What is an assessment of communication disorders?

Answer 34

a plan to address one's communication problems through getting info from various sources and setting and identify one's communication strengths and weaknesses

Question 35

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 35

hearing loss caused by problems with the inner ear and/or cochlear nerve; a person may be unable to distinguish and subsequently understand speech sounds

Question 36

What is a morpheme?

Answer 36

tiniest grammatical unit within a language

Question 37

What is a filler?

Answer 37

words that adults use in speech, such as "umm, ya know, er"

Question 38

What is speech?

Answer 38

producing language using articulation, fluency, and voice

Question 39

What can be used to help those who are deaf?

Answer 39

assistive listening devices (ALDs), cochlear implants, auditory training

Question 40

What is chronemics?

Answer 40

time's impact on communication

Question 41

What is prevalence?

Answer 41

number of new and old cases in a certain time period

Question 42

What is sociolinguistics?

Answer 42

the study of social factors, such as cultural and environment, on communication

Question 43

What is pragmatics?

Answer 43

use of a language; the driving force behind all parts of language

Question 44

What is the main that humans express themselves?

Answer 44

through speech

Question 45

What are tactiles?

Answer 45

touching behaviors

Question 46

What is vocal abuse?

Answer 46

a type of voice disorder; too much yelling, screaming, or loud singing which brings about hoarseness

Question 47

What does the use of a language consist of?

Answer 47

pragmatics

Question 48

What does it mean to describe language as dynamic?

Answer 48

they change over time

Question 49

What are hesitations in speech?

Answer 49

unexpected pauses

Question 50

What is habitual pitch?

Answer 50

the regular tone that a speaker speaks at most of the time; ex. women tend to have higher voices than men

Question 51

What is pitch?

Answer 51

a feature of a sound in which a listener perceives as high or low

Question 52

What is dysarthria?

Answer 52

one who speaks poorly because the muscles used in speech are either weak, paralyzed, or poorly coordinated; a disorder of articulation

Question 53

What is a dialect?

Answer 53

differences that indicate a certain regional, social, cultural, or ethnic identity

Question 54

What is kinesics?

Answer 54

body language

Question 55

What are the 5 features of language?

Answer 55

a subjective or arbitrary code, a system controlled by rules, a tool shared by society, a generative process, a dynamic scheme

Question 56

What does it mean to describe language as generative?

Answer 56

each utterance is created brand new

Question 57

What is a free morpheme?

Answer 57

words that can hold it down by itself; ex. cat, dog, go

Question 58

What is an example of a prolongation in disorders of fluency?

Answer 58

"www-well"

Question 59

What does it mean to describe a cause as precipitating?

Answer 59

the cause comes from a health issue or experience, such as coming from a stroke

Question 60

What is morphology?

Answer 60

the structure of words, one aspect of the form of a language

Question 61

What is incidence?

Answer 61

number of new cases in a disease or disorder in a certain time period

Question 62

What is the purpose of a screening?

Answer 62

imply which individuals should be evaluated further; it's not a diagnostic evaluation

Question 63

What is intonation?

Answer 63

the shift in pitch of an utterance; e.g. raising your voice at the end of a sentence can turn that sentence into a question

Question 64

What are the primary components of all language?

Answer 64

form, content, and use

Question 65

What is an example of repetition in disorders of fluency?

Answer 65

"g-go-go"

Question 66

What are the features of voice?

Answer 66

pitch, loudness, and quality

Question 67

What is syntax?

Answer 67

How words are placed in a sentence and ways that one word affect another word

Question 68

What does it mean to describe a cause as predisposing?

Answer 68

the cause is genetic or innate

Question 69

What happens in diagnostic therapy?

Answer 69

an SLP works with a client for a given period of time and gets a more pellucid sense of a person's communication abilities and limitations.

Question 70

What is the main way that humans communicate?

Answer 70

through language

Question 71

What are artifacts?

Answer 71

a combination of your appearance and how you set up your environment

Question 72

What are forms of nonverbal communication?

Answer 72

artifacts, kinesics, space and time

Question 73

What does language equate to?

Answer 73

cultural identity

Question 74

What is prosody?

Answer 74

stress and intonation patterns of an utterance

Question 75

What are suprasegmentals?

Answer 75

rate, rhythm, stress, and intonation that you apply to complete sentences

Question 76

What percentage of the U.S population has a communication disorder?

Answer 76

17%

Question 77

What percentage of the U.S. Population has a hearing loss?

Answer 77

11%

Question 78

What percentage of the U.S. Population has a speech, voice, or language disorder

Answer 78

6%

Question 79

What percentage of language disorders occur in pre-schools?

Answer 79

8-12%

Question 80

What percentage of the U.S. population has a swallowing disorder

Answer 80

3%

Question 81

What does premorbid mean?

Answer 81

before the stroke/accident/illness

Question 82

What was the conclusions made from Albert Mehrabian's book Silent Messages?

Answer 82

people considered salesmen as credible based on factors other than words; 55% to one's body language, 38% to the tone and music of their voice, 7% to the actual words

Question 83

What is the baseline?

Answer 83

information about a client's starting point, in order to measure progress in treatment