Ch.2 Nueromuscular Fundamentals Flashcards by Jibran Qureshi

What 4 things are skeletal muscles responsible for?

-Movement of body and joints
-Protection
-Stability
-Posture & Support

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increase in Cross sectional area of muscles =

Increase in force exertion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 Parallel muscle shapes

-Flat
-Fusiform
-Strap
-Radiate
-Sphincter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Appearance of flat muscles and example locations

-Thin & Broad
-Rectus Abdominis & External oblique

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shape of Fusiform muscles and example locations

-Spindle-shaped w/ center belly surrounded by tendons on sides
-Brachialis, Bicep brachii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shape of Strap muscles and example locations

-Uniform in diameter, long and flat parallel like a seatbelt strap
-Sartorius, Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shape of Radiate muscles and example locations

-Triangular, like a funnel/fan shape
-Combined Flat and Fusiform pattern
-Pectorialis major, trapezius

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Shape of Sphincter muscles and example location

Circular type w/ endless strap muscle
Orbicular oris surrounding mouth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Pennate muscles and how their arranged to their tendon and fibers

-Unipennate
-Bipennate
-Multipennate
-Arranged obliquely or diagonal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which 2 pennate muscles produce the strongest contractions?

-Unipennate
-Bipennate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many directions/side do the Unipennate muscle fibers run and what are some examples?

-1 direction
- Biceps femoris, Tibialis posterior

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many directions/side do the Bipennate muscle fibers run and what is an example?

-2 directions
-Rectus femoris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many directions/side do the Multipennate muscle fibers run and what are some examples?

-Multiple directions
-Deltoid sides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 main properties of skeletal muscles & their abilities?

• Excitability- Able to respond to stimuli
• Contractility- Ability to contract and develop tension or force
• Extensibility- Able to easily stretch past its normal resting length
• Elasticity- Ability to return to its original length following stretching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difference between Intrinsic & Extrinsic muscles

-Int: muscles WITHIN or BELONGING to the body part
-Ex: muscles that originate ON or arise OUTSIDE of the body part

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Muscle Action?

Action: specific movement of joint resulting from a concentric contraction of a muscle which crosses joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Muscle Gaster?

Belly or body of the muscle
• Central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts
• The contractile portion of the muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a Tendon?

Tendon: fibrous connective tissue that
connects muscles to bones and other
structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F: Two muscles may share a common tendon

Study These Flashcards

True
Ex: Achilles tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus

Purpose of the Muscle Fascia

Study These Flashcards

Sheet of connective tissue that envelopes, separates, or binds together parts of the body that helps retain tendons close to the body

Purpose of the Aponeurosis

Study These Flashcards

Binds muscles together or connects muscle to bone

Difference between Origin and Insertion

Study These Flashcards

• Origin: Proximal attachment of a muscle that attaches CLOSEST to the midline and is the least movable part
- Insertion: Distal attachment or the part that attaches FARTHEST from
the midline and is the most movable part

What is Muscle contraction and what is it used for?

Study These Flashcards

-Tension developed in a muscle due to stimulus
-Used to cause, control, and prevent joint movement

Difference between Isometric and Isotonic contractions

Study These Flashcards

Isometric: Joint remains constant
Isotonic: Tension will cause or control movement & changes muscle length

Types of Isotonic Contractions

• Eccentric: muscle is lengthened • Concentric: muscle is shortened -Isokinetic -Passive

Difference between muscle force and resistance between Eccentric and Concentric contraction

E- Muscular force < the resistance C- Muscular force > the resistance

Difference between Agonist & Antagonist muscles

Ago- Prime muscle working Anta- Opposite muscle from Ago that is being worked - Ex: Quadriceps muscles are antagonists to hamstrings in knee flexion

What are Stabilizer muscles?

• Surround joint to provide firm base of support • Ex: glenohumeral joint during bicep curl

What are Synergist muscles?

•Assist agonist muscles; prevents unwanted movements • Ex: brachioradialis and brachialis during bicep curl

What are Force couples?

•When 2+ muscles of a joint pull in different directions, causing an efficient rotation • Ex: middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior pull on scapula to produce upward rotation

What determines how a muscle acts?(LAPMEE)

•Line of Pull • Anatomical dissection • Palpation • Models (rubber bands) • Electromyography (EMG) • Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)

What is the Nervous System responsible for?

Muscle contraction

The 5 levels of control (CBCBS)

• Cerebral cortex (Highest level of control)- Voluntary movements of muscle action • Basal ganglia- Posture, equilibrium, balance, rhythmic activities • Cerebellum- Sensory impulses; controls timing & intensity to refine movements • Brain stem- Functions in arousal or maintaining a wakeful state • Spinal cord- Specific control; pathway between CNS and PNS

PNS: What pairs of cranial nerves are sensory, motor, and motor & sensory (12 total)

-Sensory: 1,2,8 -Motor: 3,4,6,11,12 -S&M: 5,7,9,10

PNS: What are the 31 spinal nerves types?

- 8 cervical nerves (C1-C4, C5-T1) -12 thoracic nerves -5 lumbar nerves -5 sacral nerves -1 coccygeal nerve

What is a Nueron?

The basic functional units of NS responsible for generating and transmitting impulses

3 types of Nuerons and their directions

• Motor neurons -Impulses AWAY from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and tissue • Sensory neurons- Impulses TO spinal cord and brain from all parts of body • Interneurons- Central neurons that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

What are proprioceptors?

Internal receptors located in skin, joints, muscles and tendons which provide feedback to tension, length, position, and movements to accomplish kinesthesis/awareness

What are the two muscle proprioceptors?

-Muscle spindles: parallel and between fibers -Golgi tendon organs: found in tendons close to muscle tendon junction

What are the 4 joint/skin proprioceptors?

- Meissner’s corpuscle: (detects joint changes) - Ruffini’s corpuscle: (detects j change) -Pacinian corpuscles: (receives stimulus from touch) -Krause’s end bulbs: (rsft)

What is the All or None principle?

That when regardless of number, individual muscle fibers within given motor unit will either fire or contract maximally or none at all

What determines the difference between lifting a minimal v maximum resistance?

Number of muscle fibers recruited

What are the phases of Muscle Tension Development?

-Stimulus -Latent period -Contraction phase -Relaxation phase

What is the Stretch Shortening Cycle?

"an eccentric movement followed by an immediate concentric movement that produces more force than that of an isolated concentric movement"?

Types of Muscle articulations

-Uniarticular muscles -Biarticular muscles -Multiarticular muscles

Ch.2 Nueromuscular Fundamentals Flashcards

(45 cards)