Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology 3200 Principles of Human Movement > Ch.2 Nueromuscular Fundamentals > Flashcards

Ch.2 Nueromuscular Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things are skeletal muscles responsible for?

A

-Movement of body and joints
-Protection
-Stability
-Posture & Support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increase in Cross sectional area of muscles =

A

Increase in force exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

5 Parallel muscle shapes

A

-Flat
-Fusiform
-Strap
-Radiate
-Sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Appearance of flat muscles and example locations

A

-Thin & Broad
-Rectus Abdominis & External oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shape of Fusiform muscles and example locations

A

-Spindle-shaped w/ center belly surrounded by tendons on sides
-Brachialis, Bicep brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shape of Strap muscles and example locations

A

-Uniform in diameter, long and flat parallel like a seatbelt strap
-Sartorius, Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shape of Radiate muscles and example locations

A

-Triangular, like a funnel/fan shape
-Combined Flat and Fusiform pattern
-Pectorialis major, trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Shape of Sphincter muscles and example location

A
  • Circular type w/ endless strap muscle
  • Orbicular oris surrounding mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Pennate muscles and how their arranged to their tendon and fibers

A

-Unipennate
-Bipennate
-Multipennate
-Arranged obliquely or diagonal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which 2 pennate muscles produce the strongest contractions?

A

-Unipennate
-Bipennate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many directions/side do the Unipennate muscle fibers run and what are some examples?

A

-1 direction
- Biceps femoris, Tibialis posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many directions/side do the Bipennate muscle fibers run and what is an example?

A

-2 directions
-Rectus femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many directions/side do the Multipennate muscle fibers run and what are some examples?

A

-Multiple directions
-Deltoid sides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 main properties of skeletal muscles & their abilities?

A

• Excitability- Able to respond to stimuli
• Contractility- Ability to contract and develop tension or force
• Extensibility- Able to easily stretch past its normal resting length
• Elasticity- Ability to return to its original length following stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between Intrinsic & Extrinsic muscles

A

-Int: muscles WITHIN or BELONGING to the body part
-Ex: muscles that originate ON or arise OUTSIDE of the body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Muscle Action?

A

Action: specific movement of joint resulting from a concentric contraction of a muscle which crosses joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Muscle Gaster?

A

Belly or body of the muscle
• Central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts
• The contractile portion of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a Tendon?

A

Tendon: fibrous connective tissue that
connects muscles to bones and other
structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: Two muscles may share a common tendon

A

True
Ex: Achilles tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus

20
Q

Purpose of the Muscle Fascia

A

Sheet of connective tissue that envelopes, separates, or binds together parts of the body that helps retain tendons close to the body

21
Q

Purpose of the Aponeurosis

A

Binds muscles together or connects muscle to bone

22
Q

Difference between Origin and Insertion

A

• Origin: Proximal attachment of a muscle that attaches CLOSEST to the midline and is the least movable part
- Insertion: Distal attachment or the part that attaches FARTHEST from
the midline and is the most movable part

23
Q

What is Muscle contraction and what is it used for?

A

-Tension developed in a muscle due to stimulus
-Used to cause, control, and prevent joint movement

24
Q

Difference between Isometric and Isotonic contractions

A

Isometric: Joint remains constant
Isotonic: Tension will cause or control movement & changes muscle length

25
Q

Types of Isotonic Contractions

A

• Eccentric: muscle is lengthened
• Concentric: muscle is shortened
-Isokinetic
-Passive

26
Q

Difference between muscle force and resistance between Eccentric and Concentric contraction

A

E- Muscular force < the resistance
C- Muscular force > the resistance

27
Q

Difference between Agonist & Antagonist muscles

A

Ago- Prime muscle working
Anta- Opposite muscle from Ago that is being worked
- Ex: Quadriceps muscles are antagonists to hamstrings in knee flexion

28
Q

What are Stabilizer muscles?

A

• Surround joint to provide firm base of support
• Ex: glenohumeral joint during bicep curl

29
Q

What are Synergist muscles?

A

•Assist agonist muscles; prevents unwanted movements
• Ex: brachioradialis and brachialis during bicep curl

30
Q

What are Force couples?

A

•When 2+ muscles of a joint pull in different directions, causing
an efficient rotation
• Ex: middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior pull
on scapula to produce upward rotation

31
Q

What determines how a muscle acts?(LAPMEE)

A

•Line of Pull
• Anatomical dissection
• Palpation
• Models (rubber bands)
• Electromyography (EMG)
• Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)

32
Q

What is the Nervous System responsible for?

A

Muscle contraction

33
Q

The 5 levels of control (CBCBS)

A

• Cerebral cortex (Highest level of control)- Voluntary movements of muscle action
• Basal ganglia- Posture, equilibrium, balance, rhythmic activities
• Cerebellum- Sensory impulses; controls timing & intensity to refine
movements
• Brain stem- Functions in arousal or maintaining a wakeful state
• Spinal cord- Specific control; pathway between CNS and PNS

34
Q

PNS: What pairs of cranial nerves are sensory, motor, and motor & sensory (12 total)

A

-Sensory: 1,2,8
-Motor: 3,4,6,11,12
-S&M: 5,7,9,10

35
Q

PNS: What are the 31 spinal nerves types?

A
  • 8 cervical nerves (C1-C4, C5-T1)
    -12 thoracic nerves
    -5 lumbar nerves
    -5 sacral nerves
    -1 coccygeal nerve
36
Q

What is a Nueron?

A

The basic functional units of NS responsible for generating and transmitting impulses

37
Q

3 types of Nuerons and their directions

A

• Motor neurons -Impulses AWAY from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and tissue
• Sensory neurons- Impulses TO spinal cord and brain from all parts of body
• Interneurons- Central neurons that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

38
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Internal receptors located in skin, joints, muscles and tendons which provide feedback to tension, length, position, and movements to accomplish kinesthesis/awareness

39
Q

What are the two muscle proprioceptors?

A

-Muscle spindles: parallel and between fibers
-Golgi tendon organs: found in tendons close to muscle tendon junction

40
Q

What are the 4 joint/skin proprioceptors?

A
  • Meissner’s corpuscle: (detects joint changes)
  • Ruffini’s corpuscle: (detects j change)
    -Pacinian corpuscles: (receives stimulus from touch)
    -Krause’s end bulbs: (rsft)
41
Q

What is the All or None principle?

A

That when regardless of number, individual muscle fibers within given motor unit will either fire or contract maximally or none at all

42
Q

What determines the difference between lifting a minimal v maximum resistance?

A

Number of muscle fibers recruited

43
Q

What are the phases of Muscle Tension Development?

A

-Stimulus
-Latent period
-Contraction phase
-Relaxation phase

44
Q

What is the Stretch Shortening Cycle?

A

“an eccentric movement followed by an immediate concentric movement that produces more force than that of an isolated concentric movement”?

45
Q

Types of Muscle articulations

A

-Uniarticular muscles
-Biarticular muscles
-Multiarticular muscles

Kinesiology 3200 Principles of Human Movement (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions