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Kinesiology 3200 Principles of Human Movement > Ch.3 Basic Biomechanical factors > Flashcards

Ch.3 Basic Biomechanical factors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 machines in the body?

A

-Lever
-Wheel/Axle
-Pulley

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2
Q

Components of the 3 classes of levers; FAR/RAF ARF/FRA AFR/RFA

A

1st class- axis (A) between force (F) & resistance (R)
2nd class- resistance (R) between axis (A) & force (F)
3rd class- force (F) between axis (A) & resistance (R)

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3
Q

Mechanical Advantage =

A

Resistance/force

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4
Q

A force can balance a larger resistance when the…

A

force arm (Fa) is longer than the resistance arm (Ra)

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5
Q

The longer the lever…

A

The more force produced

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6
Q

The shorter the lever…

A

The more speed it produces

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7
Q

The rotary (turning/rotational) effect of a force about an axis of rotation

A

Torque

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8
Q

-Distance between the location of force and axis
- Distance between the axis and point of resistance

A

-Force arm
-Resistance arm

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9
Q

What is 1st class lever and an some examples?

A

-FAR or RAF
-Produces balanced movements
Ex: Seesaw, Scissors, Crowbar, Head on neck

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10
Q

What is 2nd class levers and examples given?

A

-FRA or ARF
-Produces or multiples force movements
-Plantar flexion on foot to raise body up

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11
Q

3rd lever class and examples provided?

A

-AFR or RFA
- Produce multiple speeds and ROM which requires massive force to move small resistance
- Paddling boat, shoveling, biceps and elbow

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12
Q

What are wheels/axles used for?

A

Used primarily to enhance ROM & speed of movement in the musculoskeletal system

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13
Q

Why do pulleys function to do?

A

Change effective direction
MA=1

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14
Q

Difference between Linear motion and Angular motion

A

Linear motion is motion along a line whereas Angular motion is a rotation around the axis

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15
Q

Two types of Linear motion

A

-Rectilinear Motion- motion along a straight line
-Curvilinear Motion- motion along a curved line

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16
Q

Displacement vs. Distance

A

Displacement: Change in position or location of an object from original point(straight line)
Distance: Actual sum of length of measurement traveled

17
Q

2 types of displacement

A

• Angular displacement: change in location of a rotating body
• Linear displacement: distance that a system moves in a straight line

18
Q

A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force

A

Newtons 1st Law: Law of Inertia

19
Q

A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it

A

Newton’s 2nd Law: Law of Acceleration

20
Q

For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction

A

Newton’s 3rd Law: Law of Reaction

21
Q

Force from the resistance between surfaces of two objects from moving upon one another

A

Friction

22
Q

Types of Friction

A

-Static Friction
-Kinetic Friction
-Rolling Friction

23
Q

What is static friction and kinetic friction?

A

• Static friction: friction between two objects that are not moving

• Kinetic friction: friction between two objects that are sliding
upon one another

24
Q

What is Rolling friction & what is the level of friction from strongest to weakest amongst all of them?

A

RF: Resistance to an object rolling across a surface such as a ball rolling across a court or a tire rolling across the ground
~ SF > KF > RF

25
Q

Ability to control equilibrium

A

Balance
• Equilibrium: no change in the speed or direction of the body

26
Q

T/F: To achieve balance, stability needs to be minimized

A

False
• Stability: resistance to a change

27
Q

Point where body’s mass is equally distributed

A

Center of gravity

28
Q

Factors for increasing balance (BWCM)

A

• ↑ base of support
• ↑ weight (mass)
• ↓ the center of gravity
• Move to center of base

29
Q

What pushes or pulls an object to affect motion?

A

Force

30
Q

What is known as the quantity of motion?

A

Momentum

31
Q

The greater the momentum…

A

The greater the resistance to change

32
Q

How do you increase momentum?

A

By increasing magnitude or duration

Kinesiology 3200 Principles of Human Movement (11 decks)

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