CH26

Question 1

ART

Answer 1

uses various combinations of drugs to suppress viral loads, extending the period of latency and reducing likelihood of transmission

Question 2

Patients infected with HIV progress through ____ stages of disease, culminating in ____

Answer 2

3, AIDS

Question 3

HIV drug classes

Answer 3

NRTI, NNRTI, protesase inhibitor, fusion inhibitor, CCR5 antagonists
integrase inhibitors

Question 4

NRTI prototype

Answer 4

zidovudine

Question 5

NNRTI prototype

Answer 5

nevirapine

Question 6

protease inhibitor prototype

Answer 6

saquinavir

Question 7

fusion inhibitor prototype

Answer 7

enfuvirtide

Question 8

CCR5 protoype

Answer 8

maraviroc

Question 9

integrase inhibitor prototype

Answer 9

raltegravir

Question 10

inhibits reverse transcriptase via chain termination

Answer 10

zidovudine (NRTI)

Question 11

inhibits reverse transcriptase via direct binding and inactivation

Answer 11

nevirapine (NNRTI)

Question 12

inhibits HIV protease, an enzyme necessary for catalytic cleavage of proteins needed for viral replication

Answer 12

protease inhibitor (saquinavir)

Question 13

blocks entrance of HIV into CD4 cells

Answer 13

fusion inhibitor (enfuvirtide)

Question 14

blocks CCR5 receptors on CD4 cell surfaces, preventing HIV entrance

Answer 14

CCR5 antagonist (maraviroc)

Question 15

inhibits integrase

Answer 15

integrase inhibitors (raltegravir)

Question 16

given in combination with other ARV for the treatment of HIV 1 in HTE adults

Answer 16

ibalizumab

Question 17

given in cominbation with other ARV for the treatment of HIV1 in adults

Answer 17

doravirine

Question 18

given in combination with other ARV for the treatment of HTE adults with MDR HIV 1

Answer 18

fostemavir

Question 19

HTE

Answer 19

heavy treatment experienced

Question 20

MDR

Answer 20

multi drug resistant

Question 21

treats HIV-1 infection as a complete regimen

Answer 21

bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenogovir alfenamide

Question 22

given with other ARV for treatment of HIV1 in adults and children weighing more than 35 kg

Answer 22

lamivuidne and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Question 23

given for HIV 1 in adult patients weighting more than 35 kg

Answer 23

efavirenz, iamivudine, tenofovir, disoproxil fumarate

Question 24

treatment of HIV 1 infection in adult patients weighing more than 40 kg

Answer 24

efavirenz, iamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Question 25

HIV drug given to pregnant women with HIV

Answer 25

darunavir (protease inhibitor)

Question 26

prep generic name

Answer 26

emtricitabine/tenofovir/alafenamide

Question 27

prep mechanism of action

Answer 27

NRTI

Question 28

protozoan parasite that spreads in the tropics through mosquitoes, deadly, caused by plasmodium species

Answer 28

malaria

Question 29

this organism infects and destroys human red blood cells, leading to organ damage, anemia, blood vessel necrosis, and death

Answer 29

malaria (plasmodium)

Question 30

bacterial meningitis can be caused by several species of encapsulated bacteria, including

Answer 30

H.influenzae, n.meningitidis, strep pneumoniae, strep agalactia (group b)

Question 31

H. influenzae affects primarily

Answer 31

young children, neonates

Question 32

only communicable meningitis pathogen, mostly affects children and young adults

Answer 32

n. meningitidis

Question 33

S. pneumonia affects mostly

Answer 33

young children

Question 34

S. agalactiae vulnerable popultion

Answer 34

newborns, during or shortly after birth

Question 35

bacterial meningitis symptoms

Answer 35

fever, necks stiffness, headache, confusion, convulsions, coma, death

Question 36

How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?

Answer 36

culture of CSF

Question 37

Which meningitis causing pathogens have vaccines avaliable?

Answer 37

H. influenzae, n. meningitidis

Question 38

microorganism species causing neurological diseases by producing potent neurotoxins that interfere with neurotransmitter disease ie botulism, tetanus

Answer 38

clostridium species

Question 39

how to treat clostridium infections

Answer 39

early detection, antibiotics to control infection and antitoxins to neutralize endotoxins before they enter cells

Question 40

True or False: clostridium infections interefere with the CNS

Answer 40

False. it is primarily the PNS

Question 41

foodborne pathogen that can infect the CNS and cause meningitis

Answer 41

listeria monocytogenes

Question 42

where can listeria be found

Answer 42

soil, water, silage, digestive systems of animals

Question 43

Can listeria grow in a refrigerator

Answer 43

yes, under certain conditions, like the moisture and acidity of cheese which could help it survive

Question 44

True or false: listeria can be passed through a placenta

Answer 44

true

Question 45

how is listeria diagnosed

Answer 45

culture of blood or CSF

Question 46

how is listeria treated

Answer 46

abx, no vaccine

Question 47

True or False: rabies is not a big deal

Answer 47

False. it is almost always fatal

Question 48

What should you do if you get bitten by a rabid or potentially rabid animal

Answer 48

flush wound go to hospital immediately rabies shot no alcohol 6 mo no supercool 6 mo

Question 49

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as Cruetzfeld-Jakob and kuru are caused by

Answer 49

prions

Question 50

True or False: prions are nbd

Answer 50

False. they are untreatable and fatal

Question 51

neuromycoses

Answer 51

aspergillosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis (valley fever), cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, mucomycosis

Question 52

mucomycosis s/s

Answer 52

brain abcess

Question 53

histoplasmosis s/s

Answer 53

granulomas in brain

Question 54

how is neurocysteicercosis treated

Answer 54

antihelminthic drugs, surgery