Ch.3 Quiz Flashcards
(59 cards)
1
Q
Digestion…?
A
- Breaks down foods into nutrients.
2
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (1)
A
- Breathing, Eating, Drinking
3
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (2)
A
- Passing through the diaphragm
4
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (3)
A
- Steady Movement
5
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (4)
A
- Lubricating food
6
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (5)
A
Digesting enzyme functions - foods must be broke. down for enzymes to work -
7
Q
What tasks does the mouth have in digestion? (6)
A
- Excretes of waste
8
Q
What is the order of digestion? - There are 7 steps -
A
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
9
Q
The lumen is…?
A
- The inner space of the intestines.
10
Q
The mass of chewed food is called..?
A
- The bolus
11
Q
Process of digestion begins in…?
A
- In the mouth
12
Q
What are the 5 basic taste sensations detected by taste buds?
A
- Sweet
- Sour
- Bitter
- Salty
- Umami (Savory)
13
Q
Swallowed food passes through the…?
A
Pharynx
14
Q
Epiglottis…?
A
Closes off the airway when food is swallowed
15
Q
What are the 3 parts that the pharynx consists of?
A
- Nasopharnyx
- Oropharnyx
- Laryngopharnyx
16
Q
What do the upper and lower esophageal sphincters do?
A
- They are muscles that control movement throughout the esophagus
17
Q
Bolus moves…?
A
Into the stomach
18
Q
What’s a chyme?
A
- Semiliquid mass created by the churned mixture of food and stomach acids in the stomach
19
Q
The small intestine consist of three segments…
A
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ilium
20
Q
In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with secretions from: 1
A
- Common bile duct (It will secrete fluids from liver & gallbladder into the duodenum to further digestion)
21
Q
In the duodenum, the chyme is mixed with secretions from: 2
A
- Pancreatic duct (Contains bicarbonate and digestive enzymes made in the pancreas)
22
Q
Chyme will continue through…?
A
The jejunum and ileum
23
Q
The large intestine contains…
A
- The Ileocecal valve
- The colon is the site of water absorption, leaving a semi-solid waste
- Rectum and anus
24
Q
What is the GI motility?
A
- It keeps things moving down the alimentary canal at the right pace, smooth muscles propel food down the alimentary canal
25
The two layers of muscles coordinate to products two actions:
- Segmentation
- Peristalsis
26
Segmentation is…?
- Inner circular muscles that contract in the small intestine
27
Peristalsis is…?
- Outer longitudinal muscles that push chyme forward
28
What are the 3 stomach muscles?
1. Circular
2. Longitudinal
3. Diagonal/Oblique
29
What is correct about the actions of the stomach?
- Stomach contents are mixed using three kinds of muscles.
30
Secretions…?
- Enter the GI tract at various points along the alimentary canal
31
What does the mouth contain and digest?
Contains : Salivary Amalyse
Digests : Carbohydrates
32
What does the stomach contain and digest? (2 different ones)
Contain : Gastric Protease (PEPSIN)
Digests : Proteins
Contain: Gastric Lipase
Digests : Fats
33
What does the small intestine contain and digest? (3 different ones)
Contains : Pancreatic Amylase
Digests : Carbohydrates
Contains : Pancreatic Lipase
Digests : Fats
Contains : Pancreatic Enzymes
Digests : Proteins
34
What does the large intestine contain and digest?
Contains : No human enzymes, but bacteria will
Digest: Fiber (Carbohydrates)
35
What is bile?
- Produced by liver
- Stored in gallbladder and released into duodenum
- Not an enzyme , it is an emulsifier
36
What are the absorption techniques of the small intestine?
1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Active transport
37
What is Villi?
- Fold of the intestine to increase surface area
38
What is Microvilli?
- Catches nutrients
Brush border cells that make enzymes to digest certain nutrients
39
What are crypts?
- Secretion of intestinal juices
40
What is goblet cells?
- Mucus secretion
41
What are specialized cells ?
- Cells of the intestinal tract are specialized to absorb different nutrients at different intervals
42
When a nutrient is absorbed into the cell of a villus, it…?
- Enters either the bloodstream or the lymphatic system
43
What does the liver do?
- It is the first to receive nutrients absorbed from the GI tract
- Prepates Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Nutrients
- Most metabolically active organ
- Liver detoxifies substances
44
What is the GI Microbiota?
- Microbes that consist of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and Protozoa
45
What are 2 factors that influence the GI bacteria?
1. Prebiotics- Encourage microbial growth
2. Probiotics- Live microbes
46
The ability of the digestive tract to handle its ever changing contents illustrates an important physiology principle that governs the way all living things function…
Homeostasis!
47
GI hormones include…? (3 Different ones)
1. Gastrin
2. Secretin
3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
48
Gastrin…?
- Hormone released when food is in stomach
49
Secretin…?
- Hormone released when chyme enters SI
50
CCK…?
- Hormone released in response to fat in SI
51
Some common digestive problems are..? (9 Different answers)
1. Choking
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhea
4. IBS/ Colitis / Celiac Disease
5. Constipation
6. Hemorrhoids
7. Reflux
8. Esophageal Damage
9. Ulcers
52
Vomiting is…?
- Adaptive body mechanism that can often result in dehydration
53
Diarrhea is…?
- Frequent watery stools. Intestinal contents move too quickly to allow water resorption
54
Bacteria…?
- Ferment some fibers
55
Fiber…?
- Retains water
56
Undigested residues..?
- Exercise intestinal muscles
57
The colon…?
- Absorbs water and recycles dissolved salts
58
Is constipation a disease?
No.
59
What is the best explanation for the cause of intestinal gas?
- Bacterial fermentation of fiber and starch in the large intestine
