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N&DT (FALL) > UNIT TEST #2 > Flashcards

UNIT TEST #2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Carbohydrates are: (3 Components)

A
  • Sugars
  • Starches
  • Fiber
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2
Q

Are Monosaccharides…
a. a chain of many monosaccharides
b. a single sugar
c. a pair of monosaccharides

A

B. A Single Sugar

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3
Q

Are Polysaccharides…
a. a chain of many monosaccharides
b. a single sugar
c. a pair of monosaccharides

A

a. a chain of many monosaccharides

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4
Q

Are Disaccharides…
a. a chain of many monosaccharides
b. a single sugar
c. a pair of monosaccharides

A

c. a pair of monosaccharides

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5
Q

Monosaccharides are sugars, AKA…?

A

Simple Sugars

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6
Q

Polysaccharides are starches and fibers, AKA…

A

Complex Carbohydrates

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7
Q

The three monosaccharide sugars found in nutrition are:

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galactose
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8
Q

The three disaccharide sugars found in nutrition are:

A
  1. Maltose
  2. Sucrose
  3. Lactose
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9
Q

What is Maltose made from? (2 components)

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Glucose
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10
Q

What is Lactose made from? (2 components)

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
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11
Q

What is sucrose made from?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
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12
Q

Which is the sweetest of the monosaccharides?

A

Fructose

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13
Q

What is the sweetest of the disaccharides?

A

Sucrose

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14
Q

Which is typically known as blood sugar?

A

Glucose

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15
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Pairs of monosaccharides

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16
Q

What chemical reaction allows two monosaccharides to join?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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17
Q

To break a disaccharide, what process takes place?

A

Hydrolysis

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18
Q

What’s the storage form of glucose in the human body called?

A
  • Glycogen
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19
Q

What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

A

Starch

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20
Q

What is the richest source of starch?

A
  • Grains
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21
Q

What does dietary fiber come from?

A

Structural portion of plants

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22
Q

Is fiber digested?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Does it contribute to energy production?

A

No

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24
Q

What does a Viscous do?

Study These Flashcards
A

It forms gels

25
What is fermentable?
Digested by bacteria
26
Does Soluble or Insoluble fiber dissolve in water to form gel?
Soluble
27
Is Soluble or Insoluble fiber found in the skins of fruits, vegetables, & fibrous structure?
Insoluble
28
Is soluble or insoluble fiber more viscous and fermentable?
Soluble
29
If dietary fiber is added to food or supplements, it is called a…?
Functional Fiber
30
Total fiber is…? (2 components)
Dietary fiber and added fiber
31
What enzyme is present in the mouth?
Amylase to break starch
32
What does satiety mean?
Acid of stomach stops amylase from working, no carbohydrate digestion, fiber in the stomach gives a feeling of fullness & satisfaction
33
What happens in the small intestine (Duodenum)?
most of the carbohydrate digestion takes place here, where pancreatic amylase enters via the pancreatic duct
34
Maltase breaks maltose into…?
Glucose & Glucose
35
Sucrase breaks down sucrose into…?
Fructose & Gluctose
36
Lactase breaks down lactose into…?
Galactose & Glucose
37
What happens when fiber cannot be broken down?
It will linger into the large intestine which attracts water… which softens still to ease elimination
38
What will bacteria do after fibers not broken down?
Will Ferment the fibers to use for energy and will also make short chain fatty acids
39
What are resistant starches?
Starches that escape digestion and absorption
40
Some carbohydrate absorption happens in the mouth, but mostly in…?
The small intestine
41
monosaccharides are absorbed by the cells of the small intestine, glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream for the cells to use as energy, but galactose and fructose or metabolized in the ___ since the cells cannot use them
Liver
42
Lactose intolerance is the inability of the body to produce the enzyme ____?
Lactase
43
What fraction of glycogen is stored by the LIVER?
1/4
44
What fraction of glycogen is stored by the MUSCLES?
3/4
45
Because glycogen draws water to it, the liver can only hold so much. It can store enough energy for about ____?
a days worth of minimal energy needs
46
The preferred energy source of the nervous system is…?
Glucose
47
When glucose levels are low the body can make glucose from proteins, which is called?
Gluconeogenisis
48
To stop the breakdown of protein, carbs must be eaten, this action is called…?
Protein sparing action
49
if inadequate supply of carbohydrates continues fat will be broke down to make…?
Ketone bodies
50
If ketone bodies accumulate this may cause ____?
Ketosis
51
The two hormones (made by the pancreas) that primarily regulate glucose are…?
1. Insulin 2. Glucagon
52
What moves glucose from the blood into the cell, lowering blood glucose?
Insulin
53
What brings glucose out of storage in the liver to raise blood glucose?
Glucagon
54
What is type 1 diabetes?
- A condition where the pancreas produces insufficient or ineffective insulin
55
Whats type 2 diabetes?
- A common condition in a result or cells not responding to insulin
56
What is hypoglycemia?
A state of blood sugar below normal levels
57
What is a glycemic response?
How quickly blood glucose rises after a person eats
58
What are some foods low in glycemic index?
Fruits, vegetables, and legumes
59
What are some foods high in glycemic index?
Breads, white rice, cracker, potatoes

N&DT (FALL) (8 decks)

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