Ch.4 Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Is an active information processing system that receives, stores, organises and recovers information

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Is converting information to a usable form so that it can be entered and stored

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

Is retaining information in memory over time

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

Is locating and recovering the stored information from memory when needed so that we can use it

Question 5

Short term memory

Answer 5

Stores a limited amount of information entering from sensory memory or retrieval from LTM for a short period of time unless the information is rehearsed

12-20 seconds

Question 6

Long term memory

Answer 6

Used for permanent storage of an unlimited amount of information

Question 7

Echoic memory

Answer 7

Is auditory sensory memory. It stores sounds for 3 to 4 seconds and is has an important role in language comprehension

Question 8

Iconic memory

Answer 8

Is visual sensory memory. Images last in iconic memory for about on third of a second.

Question 9

Atkinson-Shriffrin model

Answer 9

Sensory input —–> Sensory memory—Attention–> Short term memory—Encoding–> Long term memory

Question 10

Chunking

Answer 10

Is grouping data together to make it easier to remember

Question 11

Savings score

Answer 11

Time taken for original learning _ Time taken for relearning / Time taken for original learning

Question 12

Amnesia

Answer 12

Is a temporary or permanent, partial or total loss of memory

Question 13

Brain trauma

Answer 13

Damage inflicted through injury which interferes with functioning

Question 14

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 14

A form of memory loss for events that happen after an amnesia causing event

Question 15

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 15

A form of memory loss for events occurring before and amnesia causing event

Question 16

Dementia

Answer 16

A brain illness that progressively kills brain cells and result in irreversible structural changes that lead to severe cognitive loss

Question 17

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 17

An irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease that gradually kills brain cells, causing sever cognitive and behavioural decline

Question 18

Implicit memory

Answer 18

A LTM of learnt actions and skills that we store in LTM and retrieve unconsciously

Question 19

Procedural memory

Answer 19

A type of implicit LTM for learnt actions and skills that can be expressed as actions

Question 20

Explicit memory

Answer 20

A LTM of events and factual information that can be intentionally and consciously recalled

Question 21

Declarative memory

Answer 21

A type of explicit LTM for factual information that can be expressed in words

Question 22

Semantic memory

Answer 22

A type of declarative memory for impersonal factual knowledge about the world

Question 23

Episodic memory

Answer 23

A type of declarative memory for personally significant events associated with specific times and places

Question 24

Free recall

Answer 24

Recalling information from memory in any order with no cues for assistance

Question 25

Serial recall

Answer 25

Recalling information from memory in the order that it was learnt, with no cues for assistance

Question 26

Cued recall

Answer 26

Recalling information from memory with some cues for assistance

Question 27

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 27

Involves repetition of information a number of times so it can be held in short term memory

Question 28

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 28

Involves linking new information in some meaningful way with information already stored in LTM, or with other pieces of new information so it can be held in short term memory