Ch4 Social Cognition/Ch5 Social Attribution

Question 1

social cognition

Answer 1

encoding storage and retrieval, and processing of information in the brain or interpreting, remembering, and understanding info we receive

Question 2

construal impact

Answer 2

people process and remember social information differently

Question 3

snap judgments

Answer 3

making complex inferences about motives or personality based on small amounts of information

Question 4

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 4

when behavior is at variance with beliefs out of concern for social consequence ( being influenced or masking behavior)

Question 5

self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 5

having an expectation about another person that influences how you act toward them

Question 6

primary effects

Answer 6

information presented first has an overly large influence

Question 7

regency effect

Answer 7

information presented last has an overly strong influence

Question 8

framing effects

Answer 8

the influence on judgments based on how information is presented

Question 9

temporal framing

Answer 9

action and events are framed within a particular time perspective

Question 10

construal level framing

Answer 10

things are more desirable when further away rather than closer in time

Question 11

confirmation bias

Answer 11

tendency to test a proposition by searching for evidence that supports it

Question 12

bottom driven processing

Answer 12

data-driven, pieced-together information

Question 13

top down processing

Answer 13

schema driven, filtered based on what you already know

Question 14

Influences of schemas (3 points)

Answer 14

attention, memory, construral

Question 15

Inutition

Answer 15

quick, automatic, based on associations, performs many operations simultaneously

Question 16

reason

Answer 16

slower, more controlled, based on rules and deduction, performs one operation at a time

Question 17

Heuristics

Answer 17

decision making shortcut

Question 18

Availability heuristics

Answer 18

based assessment of risk based on something that comes easily to mind and think it’s common

Question 19

representativeness heuristic

Answer 19

tendency to compare things or individuals to the prototypes in their category

Question 20

base rate

Answer 20

event/ total number of people, information about relative frequency

Question 21

attribution theory

Answer 21

people assign causes to the event around us

Question 22

counterfactual thoughts

Answer 22

thoughts we might have, could have, or should have happened “if only” something had been done differently

Question 23

casual attribution

Answer 23

linking and event or behavior to a cause to explain the behavior, we attempt to figure our why someone else did something

Question 24

covariation principle

Answer 24

behavior should be attributed to potential causes to co occur within the behavior

Question 25

3 parts to covariation principle

Answer 25

consensus, distinctiveness, consistency

Question 26

discounting principle

Answer 26

if people act in an expected way (based on situation) we tend to discount internal attibution

Question 27

augmentation principle

Answer 27

if people act out of their role we tend to augment internal attribution

Question 28

self serving attributional bias

Answer 28

tendency to attribute failures to external causes and success to internal causes

Question 29

actor-observer difference

Answer 29

difference in attribution based on who is making the casual assessment, actor vs observer

Question 30

Consensus

Answer 30

Do most people do this in this situation?

Question 31

Distinctiveness

Answer 31

Does the target person only do this in this particular situation?

Question 32

Consistency

Answer 32

Does the target person do this all the time, or is this a one time occurrence?

Question 33

Priming

Answer 33

exposing someone to something to activate a schema, best for affect rather than cognition or behavior

Question 34

Dual process model Fundamental attribution error

Answer 34

after the initial attribution we characterize them that we reflect and take what we know about the situation and adjust our inference

Question 35

Difference bw indiviualsitic culture and collectivistic culture and causal attribution

Answer 35

individualistic cultures have a tendency to make personal attribution while collectivistic culture tend to consider situation attributions

Question 36

High SES vs Low SES and casual attribution

Answer 36

High ses highly independent, low ses highly interdependent( situational causes)

Question 37

pessimistic explanatory style

Answer 37

internal,stable,global

Question 38

optimistic explanatory style

Answer 38

external, unstable, specific