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From Flashcardlet > ch.4 tissue > Flashcards

ch.4 tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Four primary tissue types?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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1
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform common related functions

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2
Q

Epithelial definition?

A

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

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3
Q

Epithelial functions

A 
Protecting 
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
And sensory reception
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4
Q

Polarity

A

Have apical and basal surfaces

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5
Q

Cellularity

A

Closely packed cells with little extracellular material

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6
Q

Avascular

A

Without blood cells

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7
Q

Regeneration

A

Rapid cell division

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8
Q

Simple

A

One cell layer

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9
Q

Stratified

A

Many cell layers thick

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10
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Single layer that looks like many

Nuclei found at different levels

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11
Q

Squamous

A

Flat

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12
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube shaped

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13
Q

Columnar

A

Tall column

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14
Q

Transitional

A

Shape varies

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15
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Function: allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration. Secretes lubricating substances.

Location: kidneys, lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels, ventral body cavity

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16
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: kidneys, ducts, ovaries

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17
Q

Simple columnar

A

Function: absorption, secretion, protection

Location: lining of stomach, intestines, gall bladder, uterine tubes.

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18
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Location: surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, vagina

Function: provides physical protection against abrasion, chemicals, and pathogens

19
Q

Stratified cuboidal (rare)

A

Location: lining of some ducts

Function: protection, secretion, absorption

20
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Location: pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland, and urethra

Function: protection

21
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Location: nasal cavities, trachea, bronchi, male reproductive tract.

Function: protection, secretion

22
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Location: urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

23
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Gland- single/mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion

Exocrine glands- secrete their products into ducts

Duct- passageway that opens onto and epithelial surface

Endocrine glands- release their secretion into interstitial fluid (ductless, hormones)

24
Q

Merocrine

A

Secretion (most glands)

Cells release their product by exocytosis

25
Q

Apocrine

A

Secretion

Upper cell pinches off and dies

26
Q

Holocrine

A

Secretion

Whole cell ruptures to release their product

27
Q

Connective tissue

A

Provides strength and stability
Maintain position of internal organs
Provides routes for distribution of vessels and nerves

28
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue layers that supports and surrounds organs

29
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Areolar tissue and adipose

30
Q

Deep fascia

A

Dense irregular tissue

31
Q

Subserous fascia

A

Areolar tissue

32
Q

Connective tissue is made up of?

A

Cells
Ground substance
Fibers

33
Q

Immature cells

A 
Immature cells- retain ability to divide and produce matrix 
Fibroblast- connective tissue
Chondroblast- cartridge 
Osteoblasts- bone
Hematopoietic stem cell- blood
34
Q

Mature cells

A 
Cannot divide or produce matrix
Chondrocytes & osteocytes
Macrophages- eat foreign material
Plasma cells- antibodies 
Mast cells- histamines
Adipocytes- stores fat
White blood cells- defense
35
Q

Ground substance

A 
Unstructured material
Fills space between cells
Substance- interstitial fluid
                    Cell adhesion
                     Proteoglycans
Provides medium for exchange of materials
36
Q

Fibers

A

Strength and support of tissue
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers

37
Q

Collagen

A

Large thick fibers
Pink/red
Tough resistant to stretching
Found in bone, cartlidge, tendons, and ligament

38
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Light thin fibers
Purple
Thin branches fibers that form framework of organs

39
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Provides strength and stretching
Found in skin, blood vessels, and lungs
Purple/black

40
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A 
All three types of fibers 
Gelatinous ground substance
Function: diffusion of nutrients
Support
Padding
Universal packing material
41
Q

Adipose loose connective

A 
Peripheral nuclei 
Large fat storage droplet
Reduces heat loss
Energy storage 
Protection
42
Q

Reticular loose connective

A

Network of fibers and cells that produce framework of organ

Holds organs together (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)

43
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Consist of bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblast
Forms tendons, ligament, and aponeuroses
Provides strong attachments between structures

44
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers are irregularly arranged
Tissue can resist tension from any direction
Tough

45
Q

Elastic dense connective tissue

A

Consist of elastic fibers and fibroblasts
Found in lungs, walls of arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, true vocal cords, and some ligaments
Allows stretching of various organs

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