CH5

Question 1

this type of memory is responsible for storing information for long periods—which can extend from minutes to a lifetime

Answer 1

long-term memory

Question 2

this term refers to the process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present.

Answer 2

memory

Question 3

this type of long-term memory holds experiences from the past

Answer 3

episodic memory

Question 4

this type of long term memory holds information about things that involve muscle coordination

Answer 4

procedural memory

Question 5

this type of long-term memory refers to memories of facts such as an address or a birthday or the names of different objects

Answer 5

semantic memory

Question 6

what model proposes three types of memory?: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.

Answer 6

modal model of memory

Question 7

what is sensory, short term, and long-term memory called in the modal model of memory?

Answer 7

structural features

Question 8

this term refers to the process of remembering information that is stored in long-term memory

Answer 8

retrieval

Question 8

this term refers to the continued percepion of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present

Answer 8

persistence of vision

Question 8

who proposed the modal model of memory?

Answer 8

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 9

this term refers to the dynamic processes associated with the structural features that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another

Answer 9

control processes

Question 10

this term refers to the process of storing information in long term memory

Answer 10

encoding

Question 10

what is an example of a control process?

Answer 10

rehearsal (for short-term memory)
self-reference effect

Question 11

this term refers to the retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation

Answer 11

sensory memory

Question 12

what was Sperling’s experiment about?

Answer 12

how much information people can take in from briefly presented stimuli

Question 13

this type of sensory memory for visual stimuli corresponds to the sensory memory stage of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model.

Answer 13

iconic memory

Question 14

this type of sensory memory holds information for auditory stimuli

Answer 14

echoic memory

Question 14

this term refers to the system involved in storing small amounts of information for a brief period of
time

Answer 14

short-term memory

Question 15

what is the duration for short-term memory?

Answer 15

15-20 seconds

Question 16

what is the digit span?

Answer 16

the number of digits a person can remember

Question 16

who demonstrated that short-term memory lasted 15-20 seconds?

Answer 16

John Brown
Lloyd Peterson
Margaret Peterson

Question 17

what is the limit of STM capacity? and who discovered it

Answer 17

4 items, Steven Luck and Edward Vogel

Question 18

this term refers to the fact that
small units (like words) can be combined into larger meaningful units, like phrases, or even larger units, like sentences, paragraphs, or stories

Answer 18

chunking

Question 19

this term refers to the collection of elements that are strongly associated with one another but are weakly associated with elements in other chunk

Answer 19

chunk

Question 20

who demonstrated an effect of chunking by showing how a college student with average memory ability was able to achieve amazing feats of memory?

Answer 20

K. Anders Ericson et al

Question 20

this term refers to the limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning

Answer 20

working memory

Question 21

what are the 3 components present in Baddeley's working memory model?

Answer 21

phonological loop central executive visuospatial sketch pad

Question 21

what led Baddeley to propose working memory?

Answer 21

the fact that STM and the modal model of memory did not consider dynamic processes that occurred over time

Question 21

what is the difference between STM and working memory?

Answer 21

STM is concerned mainly with storing information for a brief period of time while working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information during complex cognition.

Question 22

this component of the working memory model holds verbal and auditory information

Answer 22

phonological loop

Question 23

what are the two components of the phonological loop?

Answer 23

1. phonological store (limited capacity and holds information for a few seconds) 2. articulatory rehearsal process (responsible for rehearsal that keeps information in the phonological store from decaying)

Question 24

this component of the working memory model holds visual and spatial information

Answer 24

visuospatial sketch pad

Question 25

this component of working memory is where the major work occurs. it pulls information from LTM and coordinates the PL and VSP by focusing on specific parts of a task and divides attention between different tasks.

Answer 25

central executive

Question 26

what are the three phenomena that support the idea of the PL?

Answer 26

phonological similarity effect word length effect articulatory suppression

Question 27

this term refers to the confusion of letters or words that sound similar.

Answer 27

phonological similarity effect

Question 28

this term refers to what occurs when memory for lists of words is better for short words than for long words

Answer 28

word length effect

Question 28

this term refers to the phenomenon that is caused by the repetition of an irrelevant sound and reduces memory because speaking interferes with rehearsal

Answer 28

articulatory suppression

Question 29

this term refers to the creation of visual images in the mind in the absence of a physical visual stimulus

Answer 29

visual imagery

Question 30

this term refers to repeatedly performing the same action or thought even if it is not achieving the desired goal

Answer 30

perseveration

Question 31

what does the episodic buffer do?

Answer 31

it can store information and is connected to LTM

Question 32

what is the PFC essential for?

Answer 32

the prefrontal cortex holds information in working memory during a delay period as seen in the monkey experiment by Goldman-Rakic frontal lobe damage also affects attention

Question 33

who developed the reading span test to measure working memory capacity?

Answer 33

Daneman and Carpenter