Ch.5: Carbohydrates

Question 1

starch

Answer 1

complex carb made of multiple glucose units

Question 2

amylase

Answer 2

an enyzme that converts starch and glyogen into simple sugars

Question 3

amylopectin

Answer 3

a soluble polysaccharide and highly branched polymer of glucose found in plants. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylose

Question 4

fiber

Answer 4

complex carb in plants made of multiple glucose, can’t be digested

Question 5

oligosaccahride

Answer 5

carb containing 3 to 10 single sugar units

Question 6

functional fiber

Answer 6

fiber added to foods that has shown to provide health benefits

Question 7

gluconeogenesis

Answer 7

synthesis of new glucose by metabolic pathways in the cell.

Question 8

Ketosis

Answer 8

condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies and related breakdown products in the bloodstream and tissues

Question 9

Hypoglycemia

Answer 9

low blood glucose, below 50mg/100ml of blood

Question 10

sugar alcohols

Answer 10

sweetening agent

Question 11

3 most common monosaccharides

Answer 11

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 12

what makes sucrose

Answer 12

glucose and fructose

Question 13

what makes lactose

Answer 13

glucose and galaztose

Question 14

what makes maltose

Answer 14

glucose and glucose

Question 15

Starch v Fiber

Answer 15

CHO stored thats digestible vs indegestible

Question 16

Where are the major storage sits for glycogen

Answer 16

liver and muscles

Question 17

Pepsin

Answer 17

Digests proteins in the stomach

Produced by chief cells in the stomach

Question 18

Amylase

Answer 18

Digests starch in the mouth and small intestine

Produced by the salivary glands and pancreas

Question 19

Sucrase

Answer 19

Digests sucrose into glucose and fructose in the Small Intestine
Produced in the Pancreas

Question 20

Maltase

Answer 20

Digests maltose into glucose in the Small Intestine

Produced in the pancreas

Question 21

Lactase

Answer 21

Digests lactose into glucose and galactose in the Small Intestine
Produced in the pancreas

Question 22

Insoluble Fiber

Answer 22

Decr chance of colon cancer
Incr stool bulk
Found in: skins of f&v, legumes, whole grains, bran

Question 23

Soluble Fiber

Answer 23

Decr risk of heart disease
Decr cholesterol absorption
Found in: fruits, bran, legumes, seaweed

Question 24

RDA for Carbs

Answer 24

130g/day

Question 25

DV for fiber

Answer 25

25g for 2000 cal diet

Question 26

Protein Sparing

Answer 26

When dietary carb intake is adequate to maintain blood glucose levels

Question 27

Glucagon

Answer 27

released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose

Question 28

insulin

Answer 28

released in response to eating a meal to ove glucose into the cell

Question 29

Epinephrine

Answer 29

Released in response to stress | Incr glucose in the blood

Question 30

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 30

10% Juvenile onset Pancreas fails to produce insulin Checks blood glucose several times a day

Question 31

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 31

``` 90% Adult onset Pancreas makes insulin Cells are insulin-resistant Need more insulin Oral agent can stimulate pancreas production ```