Ch.5 Childhood Flashcards
(29 cards)
Cerebral Cortex
Takes more than two decades to develop Visual and Motor Cortices are in their “pruning” phase during early childhood. Explains why vision and walking develop faster and are mastered at a younger age.
Frontal Lobes: Functions
the part of the brain responsible for reasoning and thinking through our actions. -Impulse Control -Executive Functioning (planning, managing our memories,Inhibiting) -Logic and Reasoning
Obesity Definition
Body Mass Index (BMI) weight&height A BMI at or above the 95th percentile Since the 1960’s, but since the 1980’s this has doubled
- Preoperational Stage (2-7) Piaget
Children’s perceptions are captured by their immediate appearances. Marked by an inability to step back and think conceptually.
Motor Skills-Gross
Large muscle movements -Running -Jumping -Climbing -Hopping Boys exceed girls
Motor Skills- Fine
Small, coordinated movements -Writing -Drawing Girls exceed boys -Positively correlated with academic success and behavior
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking Lack of *Conservation*
Understanding that the amount of a substance remains identical despite changes in shape or form eg. playdough or glasses
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking Lack of *Identity Constancy*
Don’t realize that people are themselves even if appearance changes eg. gorilla book example
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking Lack of *Reversibility*
Steps and concepts can be reversed in the opposite direction (that it can’t go back to its original state) eg. Hair style change, change of color in room
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking Egocentrism
me, me, me The child’s inability to understand that other people have different points of views from their own eg. a kid stealing a ball
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking Centering
Fixed on the most striking feature or immediate appearance does not take into account or feature or the bigger picture. What they see is what is real. eg. conservation experiment: child does not take into account the width of height of the glasses
Problems of Centering *Class Inclusion*
General category can include subcategories eg. Skittles and Candy experiment
Problems of Centering *Seriation*
Ordering items based on principle such as size Ex. Sticks on the table from biggest to smallest
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking *Animism*
Inanimate objects are alive- Eg. a doll has feelings, stuffed kitten vs real kitten
Piaget’s Terms-Preoperational Thinking *Artificialism*
Human beings make everything eg. Mom can you make the rain stop so I can go out and play
Concrete Operational Stage (8-12)
Marked by the ability to reason about the world in a moral, logical way.
Piaget’s Terms- Concrete Operational Children can understand ?
-REVERSIBILITY -Conservation -Identity Constancy -Animism -Artifilicism
Piaget’s Terms- Concrete Operational Children can *Decenter*
Step back from immediate appearance and assess whole picture. The child’s ability to look at several dimensions of an object substance eg. Pennies example pg. 150, spreading them out so they wont be the same length -Nickel Vs. Dime
VYGOTSKY Scaffolding Definition
Process of tailored teaching to help others achieve full potential
Memory as Storages *Working Memory* AKA Short-Time Memory
Sensory–>STM(WM)–>LTM -Active Awareness -Limited Capacity -LTM or Lost
Language Phonemes
Individual word sounds (Phonics)
Language Morphemes
Smallest unit of meaning
Language Syntax
Grammatical rules
Language Sematics
MEANING system of a language-that is what it stands for ex. there vs their
