Ch5 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(271 cards)
1
Q
bone marrow
A
soft tissue within bone; has multiple functions including blood cell production in the red bone marrow
2
Q
compact bone
A
harder, denser bone; noncancellous bone
3
Q
diaphysis
A
the shaft of a long bone
4
Q
endosteum
A
membrane lining the central medullary cavity
5
Q
epiphysis
A
the wider ends of a long bone
6
Q
epiphysial plate
A
the growth area of a long bone
7
Q
medullary cavity
A
space within a long bone’s shaft filled with bone marrow
8
Q
metaphysis
A
section of a long bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis
9
Q
osteoblast
A
bone-forming cell
10
Q
osteoclast
A
bone-destroying cell
11
Q
osteocyte
A
mature bone cell
12
Q
periosteum
A
fibrous membrane surrounding a bone
13
Q
spongy bone; cancellous bone or trabecular bone
A
mesh-like bone tissue
14
Q
axial skeleton
A
bones of the head, vertebral column, and thorax
15
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
bones of the upper and lower limbs and shoulder and pelvic girdles
16
Q
thorax
A
the chest
17
Q
acetabulum
A
the socket of the hip bone where the femur articulates
18
Q
acromion
A
lateral upper section of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle
19
Q
calcaneus
A
heel bone
20
Q
carpal bones
A
the eight bones of the wrist
21
Q
clavicle
A
collar bone
22
Q
cranium
A
the skull; composed of eight bones excluding the face bones
23
Q
femur
A
thigh bone
24
Q
fibula
A
smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg
25
hip bone (pelvic bone)
large flat bone composed of three fused bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) on each side
26
ilium
superior broad part of the hip bone
27
ischium
inferior, rearmost part of the hip bone
28
pubis
anterior lower section of the hipbone; pubic bone
29
humerus
upper arm bone
30
hyoid
u-shaped bone that supports the tongue
31
lamina
posterior section of the vertebral arch
32
mandible
lower jawbone
33
maxilla
upper jawbone
34
metacarpal bones
the five bones in the hand between the wrist and the fingers
35
metatarsal bones
the five bones of the foot between the ankles and the toes
36
patella
kneecap
37
phalanges
the bones of the finger and toes; there are 14 in each hand and foot
38
radius
outer forearm bone
39
ribs
long curved bones that form the bony walls of the chest
40
scapula
shoulder blade
41
sternum
anterior bone of the thorax; breastbone
42
tarsal bones
the seven bones of the ankle
43
tibia
larger inner bone of the lower leg; shin bone
44
ulna
inner forearm bone
45
vertebra
bone of the vertebral column (spine)
46
cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
the seven bones of the vertebral column in the neck
47
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
the 12 bones of the vertebral column (midspine)
48
lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
the five bones of the vertebral column (lower back)
49
sacrum
triangular bone consisting of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar spine
50
coccyx
three to five fused vertebrae at the end of the spine; tailbone
51
xiphoid process
lower section of the sternum
52
articulation
the site where the bones come together; joint
53
bursa
a fluid-filled fibrous sac within some joints
54
cartilage
dense connective tissue attached to bone in many joints
55
synovial joint (diathrosis)
a joint that move freely and contains synovial fluid in its cavity
56
intervertebral disc
mass of fibrocartilage between adjacent vertebrae
57
ligament
band of strong connective tissue that connects bones or cartilage at a joint
58
meniscus
cartilage structure in the knee
59
suture
immovable fibrous joint found joining the skull bones
60
symphysis
joint that moves only slightly
61
synovial fluid
lubricating fluid in a freely movable joint
62
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
63
abduction
moving away from the body's midline
64
adduction
moving toward the body's midline
65
circumduction
moving in a circular manner, as when throwing a ball
66
inversion
turning the foot sole inward
67
eversion
turning the foot sole outward
68
dorsiflexion
bending the foot upward towards the tibia
69
plantar flexion
bending the foot downward to point the toes
70
extension
motion that increases the joint angle
71
flexion
motion that decreases the joint angle
72
pronation
turning the palm downward or the foot sole outward
73
supination
turning the palm upward or the foot sole upward
74
rotation
moving in circular direction around an axis when turning a doorknob
75
agonist
skeletal muscle that creates a movement by contracting; prime mover
76
antagonist
skeletal muscle that opposes an agonist muscle and relaxes when the agonist muscle contracts
77
cardiac muscle
heart muscle
78
fascia
sheet of connective tissue covering a muscle
79
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
80
insertion of muscle
end of muscle attached to the bone that moves during contration
81
origin of muscle
end of muscle attached to bone that does not move during contraction
82
smooth muscle
nonstriated, voluntary muscle tissue lining organs and blood vessels
83
skeletal muscle
striated, voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones (striated = light and dark bands in muscle fibers)
84
tonicity
muscle tone; tonus
85
ankyl/o
stiff
86
arthr/o, articul/o
joint
87
burs/o
bursa
88
carp/o
carpal (wrist) bones
89
chondr/o
cartilage
90
clavic/o, clavicul/o
clavicle
91
cervic/o
neck
92
cost/o
rib
93
crani/o
cranium, skull
94
disc/o
disc or disk
95
fasci/o
fascia, band
96
femor/o
femur
97
fibul/o
fibula
98
humer/o
humerus
99
ili/o
ilium
100
ischi/o
ischium
101
kinesi/o, kinet/o
movement
102
kyph/o
humpback
103
lei/o
smooth
104
lamin/o
lamina (plate)
105
lord/o
curved, bent
106
lumb/o
lumbar region, lower back
107
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
108
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
109
menisc/o
meniscus
110
my/o, mys/o, muscul/o
muscle
111
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
112
oste/o
bone
113
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
114
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis, pelvic cavity
115
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of digits)
116
pub/o
pubis
117
rachi/o
spine
118
radi/o
radius
119
rhabd/o
straited muscle
120
sacr/o
sacrum
121
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
122
scoli/o
crooked, twisted
123
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
124
synovi/o
synovial joint or fluid
125
tars/o
tarsal bones
126
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
127
thorac/o
thorax, chest
128
ton/o
tone, tension
129
uln/o
ulna
130
vertebr/o, spondyl/o
vertebra
131
inter-
between
132
intra-
within
133
supra-
above
134
sub-
below, beneath
135
sym-, syn-
together, with
136
-algia
pain
137
-asthenia
weakness
138
-centesis
puncture to aspirate
139
-clasia, -clasis, -clast
to break
140
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
141
-itis
inflammation
142
-osis
abnormal condition
143
-physis
growth
144
-plasty
surgical repair, reconstruction
145
-porosis
pore, passage
146
-rrhaphy
suture
147
-schisis
to split
148
-trophy
development, nourishment
149
carpal
pertaining to the carpal bones
150
costovertebral
pertaining to the ribs and thoracic vertebrae
151
cranial
pertaining to the skull
152
femoral
pertaining to the femur
153
humeral
pertaining to the humerus
154
iliofemoral
pertaining to the ilium and femur
155
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
156
intervertebral
pertaining to the area between the vertebrae
157
intracranial
pertaining to the area within the skull
158
ischiofermoral
pertaining to the ischium and the femur
159
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
160
lumbocostal
pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and the ribs
161
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum
162
osseous
pertaining to bone
163
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis or the pelvic cavity
164
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
165
sacrovertebral
pertaining to the sacrum and vertebrae above
166
sternoclavicular
pertaining to the sternum and the clavicle
167
sternoid
resembling the sternum
168
subcostal
pertaining to the area below a rib or below the ribs
169
submandibular
pertaining to the area below the mandible
170
submaxillary
pertaining to the area below the maxilla
171
subscapular
pertaining to the area below the scapula
172
substernal
pertaining to the area below the sternum
173
suprapatellar
pertaining to the area above the patella
174
suprascapular
pertaining to the area above the scapula
175
synovial
pertaining to, containing, or consisting of synovial fluid
176
ankylosing spondylitis
arthritis of the spine
177
ankylosis
abnormal condition of stiffening or fixation of a joint
178
arthralgia
pain in a joint
179
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
180
arhtrochondritis
inflammation of an articular joint
181
atrophy
wasting of tissues, organs, or the entire body
182
bradykinesia
condition of decreased movement
183
bunion
swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint caused by inflammatory bursa
184
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
185
bursolith
a calculus (stone) formed in a bursa
186
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist causing pain
187
carpoptosis; wrist-drop
paralysis of wrist and finger muscles
188
chondromalacia
softening of any cartilage
189
cranioschisis
congenital malformation of incomplete closure of the skull
190
curvature of the spine
curving of the spine in one or more directions
191
kyphosis
abnormal frontward curvature; humpback
192
lordosis
abnormal backward curvature
193
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature
194
dyskinesia
difficulty performing voluntary movements
195
dystrophy
abnormal development or growth of a tissue or organ, often resulting from nutritional deficiency
196
exostosis
bony projection that develops from cartilage
197
fibromyalgia
condition of chronic aching and stiffness of muscles and soft tissues of unknown cuase
198
fracture (fx)
a break in bone or cartilage
199
gout
metabolic disorder involving painful deposits of uric acid crystals in connective tissue and articular cartilage
200
herniated disc
protrusion of nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc into the vertebral canal
201
hyperkinesia
condition of excessive muscular movements
202
hypertrophy
increased development of a part or organ not caused by a tumor
203
maxillitis
inflammation of the maxilla
204
meniscitis
inflammation of the meniscus
205
muscular dystrophy (MD)
hereditary condition causing progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles
206
myalgia
condition of muscular pain
207
myasthenia gravis (MG)
neuromuscular disorder causing weakness and fatigue of voluntary muscles
208
myositis
inflammation of a muscle
209
osteitis
inflammation of bone
210
osteoarthritis (OA)
joint inflammation involving erosion and inflammation of articular cartilage
211
osteochondritis
inflammation of a bone and its articular cartilage
212
osteomalacia
condition of bone softening
213
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone marrow
214
osteonecrosis
death of bone tissue
215
osteoporosis
age-related disorder of decreased bone mass and weakening
216
polymyositis
inflammation of multiple voluntary muscles
217
rachischisis
embryologic failure of vertebral arches to fuse
218
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
disease causing progressive destructive changes and inflammation in multiple joints, especially in the hands and feet
219
rickets
disease caused by vitamin D deficiency during childhood, involving skeletal deformities and muscular weakness
220
spondyarthritis
inflammation of intervertebral articulations
221
sprain
injury of a ligament caused by abnormal or excessive forces on a joint
222
strain
injury of a muscle caused by overuse
223
tendonitis, tendinitis
inflammation in a tendon
224
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath
225
creatine kinase
test for the presence of the enzyme creatine kinase in the blood, which may indicate conditions that can cause muscle weakness or pain
226
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
time measurement of red blood cells settling in a test tube over one hour; increased rates are associated with anemia or inflammatory conditions
227
rheumatoid factor
blood test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
228
synovial fluid analysis
test for the presence of crystals caused by some conditions, such as arthritis, and the presence of signs of joint infection
229
uric acid test
tests for elevated uric acid in the blood, indicating gout
230
arthrography
x-ray imaging of a joint using a contrast dye
231
arthroscopy
endoscopic examination of the interior of a joint
232
bone densitometry
x-ray technique for determining bone density
233
bone scan
nuclear medicine imaging of bone used to diagnose bone disorders
234
computed tomography (CT)
x-ray technique that produces computer-generated cross-sectional images; used to evaluate disorders of and injuries to the musculoskeletal system
235
electromyogram (EMG)
diagnostic test that produces a graphic record of electric currents associated with muscular action
236
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; often used to diagnose joint disorders
237
radiography
examination of any part of the body by x-rays
238
range of motion (ROM) testing
measurement of the amount of movement allowed in a joint
239
analgesic
a drug that relieves pain without producing anesthesia
240
corticosteroid
a drug that reduces inflammation around joints
241
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
a drug with anti-inflammatory action used to treat joint and muscle conditions
242
skeletal muscle relaxant
a drug that relaxes skeletal muscle spasms and spasticity
243
chiropractic
health care discipline involving physical manipulation of musculoskeletal structures
244
chiropractor
one who specializes in chiropractic healthcare
245
orthopedics
medical specialty focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
246
orthotics
the science of making and fitting orthopedic devices
247
orthotist
one who makes and fits orthopedic appliances
248
osteopathy
school of medicine emphasizing manipulative measures in addition to techniques of conventional medicine
249
osteopath
physician who specializes in osteopathy
250
podiatry
medical specialty focusing on diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders
251
podiatrist
practitioner who specializes in podiatry
252
rheumatology
medical specialty focusing on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of joint conditions
253
rheumatologist
physician who specializes in rheumatology
254
C1-C7
cervical vertebrae 1-7
255
CK
creatine kinase
256
CT
computed tomography
257
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
258
EMG
electromyogram
259
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
260
Fx
fracture
261
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae 1-5
262
MD
muscular dystrophy
263
MG
myasthenia gravis
264
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
265
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
266
OA
osteoarthritis
267
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
268
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
269
RF
rheumatoid factor
270
ROM
range of motion
271
T1-T12
thoracic vertebrae 1-12
