Ch.6

Question 1

The skin, as an organ, is also referred to as the

Answer 1

cutaneous membrane

Question 2

Integumentary system includes

Answer 2

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 3

What are intradermal injections

Answer 3

administered into the dermis

Question 4

What happens to keratinocytes as they are pushed from the deeper layers of the epidermis towards the surface?

Answer 4

They die

Question 5

What tissue type forms most of the dermis?

Answer 5

dense, irregular connective

Question 6

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with what structures?

Answer 6

muscle, gland, sensory receptors

Question 7

What are dermal papillae

Answer 7

projections of dermal tissue

Question 8

The blank is thicker than the blank

Answer 8

dermis; epidermis

Question 9

Melanin is confined to what area of the skin?

Answer 9

epidermis

Question 10

Why does exposure to ultraviolet light darken the skin?

Answer 10

stimulates synthesis of melanin

Question 11

What epidermal layer consists of a single layer of columnar cells that undergo mitosis?

Answer 11

stratum basale

Question 12

What determines color of the skin?

Answer 12

amount of melanin

Question 13

The subcutaneous layer is made up of what tissue types?

Answer 13

aureola and adipose

Question 14

Blood vessels from what layer supply epidermal cells with nutrients?

Answer 14

dermis

Question 15

Skin plays an important role in production what vitamin?

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Dark hair is due to having more what?

Answer 16

eumelanin

Question 17

Arrector pili muscles are attached to what feature of the skin?

Answer 17

hair follicles

Question 18

What is secreted by sebaceous glands?

Answer 18

sebum (oils)

Question 19

Where are apocrine sweat glands most abundant?

Answer 19

axillae and groin

Question 20

How do merocrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands?

Answer 20

sebaceous has oil, merocrine water, sweaty

Question 21

Type of glands secrete breast milk and ear wax

Answer 21

specialized glands

Question 22

Primary means of body heat loss

Answer 22

radiation

Question 23

What is normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment

Answer 23

dermal blood vessels constricting; shivering

Question 24

Sweating results in loss of body heat by what means

Answer 24

evaporation

Question 25

What is convection

Answer 25

heat loss due to circulating air currents

Question 26

As body temp increases, the dermal blood vessels are stillmulated to what

Answer 26

dilate

Question 27

The homeostatic mechanism that maintains body temp has what as its control center

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

How can the body generate heat when one gets chilled

Answer 28

increase skeletal muscle activity

Question 29

As a person ages, what happens to their skin

Answer 29

thins, loses fat, wrinkles

Question 30

Why do elderly have more difficulty maintaining a stable body temp

Answer 30

decrease in fat below skin, decrease sweat glands

Question 31

What change to the skin would cause wrinkles to occur during aging

Answer 31

reduced elastin and collagen, dermis smaller

Question 32

Basement membrane separates what

Answer 32

epidermis from dermis

Question 33

The blank of the blank layer is important in conserving body heat

Answer 33

adipose ; subcutaneous

Question 34

What cell type can lead to cutaneous melanomas

Answer 34

melanocytes

Question 35

Superficial layer of epidermal cells are what shape

Answer 35

squamous

Question 36

What epidermal cell type responds to light touch by stimulating sensory nerve endings

Answer 36

tactile

Question 37

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of developing what

Answer 37

skin cance

Question 38

What feature of the skin gives it elasticity and toughness

Answer 38

connective tissue in dermis

Question 39

Feature of skin that is involved in acne

Answer 39

sebaceous glands

Question 40

Why does the elevated body temp seen with a fever develop

Answer 40

set point for body temp becomes elevated

Question 41

What is the largest organs of the body by weight

Answer 41

skin

Question 42

what condition results from a complete lack of melanin

Answer 42

ablinism

Question 43

As keratinocytes age, and are pushed further away from dermis, they develop _____ which help fasten the cells tightly tog.

Answer 43

desmosomes

Question 44

Granules called _____ serve to transfer pigment from melanocytes to nearby keratinocytes

Answer 44

melanosomes

Question 45

What is the cause of cyanosis

Answer 45

low blood oxygen levels

Question 46

You step out of the shower and vigorously rub your skin w/ a towel. If you were able to analyze the towel, you would find skin cells. They are most likely what type of cell?

Answer 46

keratincytes

Question 47

Layer of epidermis that is absent from the skin

Answer 47

stratum lucidum

Question 48

Water loss from the skin is minimal because of the structure of the ____

Answer 48

epidermis

Question 49

Order of epidermal strata, from superficial to deep

Answer 49

stratum corner, stratum lucid, stratum granulosum, stratum sponosum, stratum basale

Question 50

What is keratin and what does it do

Answer 50

protein; waterproofs the skin

Question 51

Structures within the skin, called accessory structures, originate from what?

Answer 51

epidermis

Question 52

What cell type produces the nail plates?

Answer 52

specialized epithelial cells

Question 53

Nail plate and bed relationship/location

Answer 53

plate lies in the nail bed

Question 54

What gives nails their hardness

Answer 54

keratin cells

Question 55

What forms the shafts of hair?

Answer 55

dead epidermal cells

Question 56

Why might a