CH6

Question 1

The shift of crime due to the action of a crime prevention program is referred to as:

• crime movement
• deviance shifting
• crime displacement
• preventive spillover
• none of the above

Answer 1

crime displacement

Question 2

An offender who utilizes new means to commit the same offense is the definition of:

• temporal displacement
• functional displacement
• target displacement
• tactical displacement
• none of the above

Answer 2

tactical displacement

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a key assumption for displacement?

• crime is inelastic
• offenders have mobility
• offenders make rational choices
• alternative targets and choices are limited
• all of the above are assumptions

Answer 3

alternative targets and choices are limited

Question 4

Offenders are driven to commit a certain number of offenses over a given period of time. This statement refers to:

• offender mobility
• crime inelasticity
• functional displacement
• rational choice
• none of the above

Answer 4

crime inelasticity

Question 5

Areas that society, either consciously or unconsciously, has allowed crime to operate until it explodes are known as:

• crime fuses
• malign displacement
• diffusion of benefits
• rational choice
• none of the above

Answer 5

crime fuses

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria necessary for crime outlined by Cohen and Felson?

• a suitable target
• an absence of guardians
• an outlet for stolen goods
• a motivated offender
• none of the above

Answer 6

an outlet for stolen goods

Question 7

The idea that available choices are limited by time, place, or circumstance refers to

soft determinism
displacement
routine activities
crime fuses
none of the above

Answer 7

soft determinism

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the construction of cognitive maps?

evaluation
recognition
consideration
prediction
all are factors

Answer 8

consideration

Question 9

Which of the following ideas is NOT related to crime pattern theory?

guardians
paths, nodes, and edges
crime attractors
social template
all of the above are related

Answer 9

guardians

Question 10

In general, studies of burglars show that:

their choice of target is totally random
they make rational choices of targets
their offenses involve no planning
they choose only expensive targets
none of the above

Answer 10

they make rational choices of targets

Question 11

Nodes that draw potential victims to the area are considered:

crime generators
social templates
crime attractors
edges
none of the above

Answer 11

crime generators

Question 12

The idea that a program may have a beneficial influence beyond the targeted location or situation is known as:

displacement
diffusion of benefits
beneficial spillover
malign displacement
none of the above

Answer 12

diffusion of benefits

Question 13

The term that refers to the social, economic, cultural, and physical conditions within which people operate is:

social template
crime template
environmental backcloth
rational choice
none of the above

Answer 13

environmental backcloth

Question 14

__________ means that the commission of crime decreases as the distance from the offender’s home increases.

Euclidean distance
distance decay
benign displacement
journey to crime
none of the above

Answer 14

distance decay

Question 15

Distance as measured following roadways and walkways, generally selecting those that reduce both distance and travel time is known as

Manhattan distance
Euclidean distance
Elfers distance
Polar distance
none of the above

Answer 15

Manhattan distance

Question 16

Guerette and Bowers’ evaluation of displacement and diffusion in situational crime prevention studies report that displacement appears in roughly how many of the studies?

10%
25%
40%
50%
60%

Answer 16

25%

Question 17

Crime displacement represents change in crime due to the preventive actions of the individual or society (TF)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Functional displacement occurs when one offender ceases his deviant behavior, only to be replaced by another offender (TF)

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Benign displacement suggests that changes from displacement may benefit society. (TF)

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Soft determinism means that individuals make choices but only within the realm of available opportunities (TF)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The environmental backcloth is the idea that people have templates that outline expectations of what will happen at certain times and places given certain behavior by the individual (TF)

Answer 21

False

Question 22

A hunting ground for offenders is one where potential victims frequent an area, there is a lack guardians at that location, and, consequently, the offender follows the victims to that place (TF)

Answer 22

True

Question 23

There is little reason to ever expect total displacement of crime, regardless of the type of displacement considered (TF)

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The most common form of displacement considered in evaluations is tactical displacement (TF)

Answer 24

False

Question 25

While crime is higher around an offender’s home, it is also higher around their former home after they move (TF)

Answer 25

True