CH8

Question 1

kill fungi

Answer 1

fungicidal

Question 2

stops growth of bacteria

Answer 2

bacteriostatic

Question 3

kill/remove everything

Answer 3

sterilant

Question 4

cleans inaminent objects

Answer 4

disinfectant

Question 5

cleans tissue

Answer 5

antiseptic

Question 6

kill germs (MO in a place we don’t want it to be)

Answer 6

germicide

Question 7

kills 99.9% of germs and lowers population of germs to a safe level

Answer 7

sanitizer

Question 8

what contributes to death rates in MO’s

Answer 8

• size of population
• [ ] or intensity (alcohol)
• time of exposure
• type of material (density/viscosity/pH)
• temp

Question 9

as [ ] or intensity increases, the killing power…

Answer 9

increases until it reaches 70-80% then goes back down bc it effects membranes

Question 10

• denatures proteins
• autoclave
• boiling
• pasteurization

Answer 10

moist heat

Question 11

• steam under pressure
• 121 degree C (15 psi) for 15-30 min
• time varies depending on how much needs to be sterilized

Answer 11

autoclave

Question 12

• 100 degree C

- vegetative cells but not endospores

Answer 12

boiling

Question 13

• 60-70 degree C for 15 seconds to 30 min

- kill specific MOs (pathogens) without adversely affecting taste/texture

Answer 13

pasteurization

Question 14

• oxidation of organic cell compounds

- 160-180 degree C for 2 hours

Answer 14

dry heat

Question 15

which is more expensive? dry or moist heat

Answer 15

moist heat

Question 16

we do this to sterilize lab utensils and waste disposal

Answer 16

incineration

Question 17

low temps kill MOs by

Answer 17

• inhibits growth -bacteriostatic

- kill MO by freezing - thaw procedure

Question 18

types of radiation used

Answer 18

ionizing radiation (x ray, gamma ray)

• high energy, short wavelength
• causes splitting of molecules
• radical formed and react with DNA and proteins
• penetrate packages material

non ionizing (UV light)

• causes mutations (DNA absorbs at 260 nm and thymine dimers form that cause the mutation)
• can not penetrate well (only surfaces and air)

Question 19

three types of filtration and what they do

Answer 19

depth filters
-diatomaceous earth, porcelain

membrane filters

• cellulose, synthetic
• variety pore size (.2 um)
• use vacuum or pressure

air filtration

• masks, cotton plugs
• Laminar flow biological safety cabinet
  
  • high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters

Question 20

• bacteriostatic

- drying, adding sugar, freeze drying

Answer 20

dessication

Question 21

evaluation methods of chemical agents

Answer 21

• phenol coefficient with Staph. aureus (gram +) and Salmonella typhi (gram -)
• filter paper disk diffusion method
• use dilution tests

Question 22

types of phenolic chemical agents

Answer 22

• phenol
• lysol
• hexachlorophene
• trichlosan

Question 23

• standard, 5% kills vegetative cells

- toxic, unpleasant odor

Answer 23

phenol

Question 24

-soap and orthophenyl phenol, remain active

Answer 24

lysol

Question 25

- halogenated phenol - very affective against Staph. aureus - causes nerve damage

Answer 25

hexachlorophene

Question 26

- 2 joined phenol rings - affective against many bacteria - caused indirectly selective resistance to MO

Answer 26

trichlosan

Question 27

types of chemical agents

Answer 27

``` phenolics alcohols halogens ethylene oxide glutaraldehyde ```

Question 28

- 70-90% kill vegetative cells, enveloped viruses - quick action but evaporates - ethyl alcohol/ isopropyl alcohol

Answer 28

alcohols

Question 29

example of alcohol

Answer 29

instant hand sanitizer | -must have on hands fro 15 seconds fro it to be effective and work without touching anything

Question 30

types of halogen chemical agents

Answer 30

iodine chlorine chemical sterilants

Question 31

- very effective- amoeba, fungi, viruses, most bacteria - surgical scrub - water/ vegetative treatment

Answer 31

iodine

Question 32

types of iodine used for cleaning surgical scrubs

Answer 32

Betadine and Isodine

Question 33

- kills most bacteria and many viruses at low [ ] (0.5%) - most widely used - pools, municipal water, house hold, food industry

Answer 33

chlorine

Question 34

- organic matter interferes with action - inexpensive, easy to use - most widely used chemical agent

Answer 34

halogens

Question 35

- for heat sensitive materials | - alkylating agents- carcinogenic

Answer 35

chemical sterilants

Question 36

- gas - penetrates cloth and some plastics - slow acting (10hrs), requires precise control - flammable and toxic - used extensively for lab supplies, tubing, catheters - no residues left behind, don't usually use for liquids

Answer 36

ethylene oxide

Question 37

advantages and disadvantages of ethylene oxide

Answer 37

A-penetrates cloth and some plastics -no residues left behind, don't usually use for liquids D-slow acting (10hrs) -requires precise control

Question 38

2% solution, 10 hour exposure

Answer 38

glutaraldehyde

Question 39

how would you sterilize a hormone solution?

Answer 39

filtration

Question 40

type of synthesis for the following: - penecillin - sulfa drugs - chloramphenicol - rifamycin

Answer 40

- penecillin- peptidoglycan synthesis - sulfa drugs- folic acid synthesis - chloramphenicol- protein synthesis - rifamycin- mRNA synthesis