Ch8: Social Influence and Socialization

Question 1

Structure of social facilitation/influence

Answer 1

Presence of others -> Physiological arousal -> Dominant responses (unmastered task)

Question 2

What are the 2 types of dominant response? Define each.

Answer 2

Improved performance -> on well-mastered or simple tasks dominant response is right

Impaired performance -> on difficult or complex tasks dominant response is wrong

Question 3

What are the 2 types of dependance?

Answer 3

-Information dependence
-Effect dependence

Question 4

What are the consequences of info & effect dependence

Answer 4

The tendency for group members to conform the social norms that have been established

Question 5

Dependence sets the stage for ________.

Answer 5

Influence to occur

Question 6

Motives for social conformity. What’s the order? Do they vary across situations?

Answer 6

-Compliance
-Identification
-Internalization

Compliance -> identification -> internalization

Yes it varies across situations

Question 7

Define the process of organizational socialization.

Answer 7

Simple compliance can set the stage for more complete involvement with organizational norms and roles.

Question 8

3 types of conformity. Define them.

Answer 8

-Compliance: Prompted by the desire to acquire rewards or avoid punishment

-Identification: Prompted by perceptions that those promoting the norm are attractive or similar to oneself

-Internalization: Prompted by true acceptance of the beliefs. Values, and attitudes that underlie the norm

Question 9

What is the bystander effect and what are some factors?

Answer 9

-The more bystanders there are, the less likely any one of them will help a person in need
-Diffusion of responsibility
-Fear of making social blunder
-Anonymity
-Cost benefit trade-off

Question 10

What is Asch’s conformity research

Answer 10

People faced with strong group research consensus sometimes go along even if they think the others may be wrong.

Question 11

What is the Milgram experiment?

Answer 11

Test subject shocked an actor every time they got an answer wrong, increasing in shock amounts each time, seeing when the test subject will stop.

Question 12

Factors in Milgram’s obedience study. (5 things)

Answer 12

-Norm of obedience to legitimate authorities
-Experimenter’s self-assurance and acceptance of responsibility
-Proximity of experimenter & distance of learner
-Absence of an alt model of how to behave
-Incremental nature of request

Question 13

What are the 3 stages of socialization? Give examples.

Answer 13

-Prearrival
Ex. Anticipatory socialization/expectations

-Encounter
Ex. Beginning of employment

-Metamorphosis
Ex. Role management

Question 14

3 types of outcomes from socialization.

Answer 14

-Productivity
-Commitment
-Turnover

Question 15

Name a few methods of socialization

Answer 15

-Realistic job previews
-Employee orientation program
-Mentoring
-Socialization tactics

Question 16

When does anticipatory socialization occur? Give examples.

Answer 16

Before the person enters the company.

Ex.
-Skills gained from previous jobs (informal)
-Slight feeling from personal experience (informal)
-School
-Recruitment events

Question 17

What happens in the “encounter” stage? Give examples.

Answer 17

Organization is looking for compliance to company norms and employee is looking for fulfilled needs.

Ex.
-Orientation programs
-Rotation through parts of organization
-Understanding co-worker / boss (informal)

Question 18

Give examples for role management.

Answer 18

-Forming connections outside of work group
-Work-life balance

Question 19

Define socialization.

Answer 19

The process of learning attitude, knowledge, behaviours necessary to function in organization.
The learning process in which new members must acquire information and knowledge, change their attitudes, and perform new behaviours.

Question 20

Define psychological contract.

Answer 20

Beliefs held by employees regarding the reciprocal obligations and promises between them and the organization.

Question 21

What are the 2 types of socialization tactics?

Answer 21

Institutionalized socialization and Individualized socialization.

Question 22

3 types of institutional socialization.

Answer 22

-Collective formal
–Sequential fixed
-Serial investiture

Question 23

3 types of individualized socialization.

Answer 23

-Individual informal
-Random variable
-Disjunctive divestiture

Question 24

Define proactive socialization.

Answer 24

The process in which newcomers play an active role in their socialization through the use of proactive behaviours

2 of the most important proactive socialization behaviours include feedback seeking, and information seeking

Question 25

Define organizational culture.

Answer 25

The beliefs, values, and assumptions that exist in an organization. In turn, these values and beliefs determine the norms and patterns that develop the behaviours and emerge from norms.

Question 26

What are some assets of a “strong culture”?

Answer 26

-Coordination
-Conflict Resolution
-Financial Success

Question 27

What are some liabilities of a “strong culture”?

Answer 27

-Resistance to Change
-Culture Clash
-Pathology (supporting infighting, secrecy, and paranoia)