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Bio 2 > Ch_23A_Lower_Plants > Flashcards

Ch_23A_Lower_Plants Flashcards

1
Q

1rst land plant in fossil record

A

Liverworts

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2
Q

Do liverworts have phlome or xylem for transport of H2O/sugar

A

no

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3
Q

How do liverworts prevent dehydration

A

cuticle

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4
Q

Liverworts have a dominant sporo/gameto phyte generation

A

gametophyte

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5
Q

_ anchor liverwort plants

A

Rhizoids

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6
Q

where do Liverwort swimming sperm form

A

Antheridia

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7
Q

Where do eggs form in Liverworts

A

Archegonia

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8
Q

Where do Liverwort spores from

A

sporophyte capsule

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9
Q

Gemmae Cup

A

used by liverworts to reproduce asexually

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10
Q

Gemmae cups are produced by mitosis/meiosis

A

mitosis

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11
Q

what hits the gemmae cup to cause clone to fall out

A

rain

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12
Q

nonvascular land plant

A

mosses

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13
Q

do mosses have xylem or phloem?

A

no

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14
Q

mosses have a dominant _ generation

A

gametophyte

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15
Q

what do mosses use to reproduce

A

spores

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16
Q

do moss have swimming sperm

A

yes

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17
Q

where are moss swimming sperm produced

A

antheridia

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18
Q

where are moss eggs formed

A

archegonia

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19
Q

where do moss spores from

A

sporophyte capsule

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20
Q

what grows from moss spores

A

protonema

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21
Q

Mnium type

A

moss

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22
Q

Marchantia type

A

liverwort

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23
Q

1st vascular plants

A

Phylum Rhyniophyta - Cooksonia

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24
Q

Rhyniophyta other term

A

Cooksonia

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25
Q

Liverwort phylum

A

Bryophyta

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26
Q

Moss phylum

A

Bryophyta

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27
Q

Cooksonia phylum

A

Rhyniophyta

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28
Q

Cooksonia sporophyte/gametophyte dominant

A

sporophyte

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29
Q

when did Cooksonia flourish

A

400 million years ago

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30
Q

Is Rhyniophyta extinct?

A

yes

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31
Q

how tall was Cooksonia?

A

6.5 cm

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32
Q

did Cooksonia have leaves or roots

A

no

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33
Q

how did nutrients get to ground stem on cooksonia

A

Mycorrhiza

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34
Q

Cooksonia rhizome

A

ground stem

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35
Q

Phlyum Lycophyta common term

A

Club Moss

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36
Q

Lycophyta is Sporo/Gameto phyte dominant

A

Gametophyte

37
Q

Why was Lychophyta named

A

large strobilus

38
Q

Epiphyte

A

plant that grows off other plant but does not hurt it - commensualism

39
Q

Strobilus

A

spore bearing structure

40
Q

1st vascular plant with roots and leaves

A

Lycophyta

41
Q

Many species of Lycophytes are _ _

A

tropical epiphytes

42
Q

Lycopodium common word

A

Ground Pine

43
Q

How does Lycophyta have vegetative growth

A

stems/rhizomes

44
Q

Saliginella common word

A

Resurrection Plant

45
Q

Saliginella phylum

A

Lycophyta

46
Q

Phylum Pteridophyta groups

A

Whisk Ferns, Horsetails

47
Q

does Pteridophyta have leaves or roots

A

no

48
Q

what do Rhizomes have to gain nutrient

A

mycorrhiza symbiosis

49
Q

Most species of Pteridophyta are _

A

epiphytes

50
Q

Pteridophyta are Gametophyte/Sporophyte dominant

A

Sporophyte

51
Q

Pteridophyta sperm _

A

swim

52
Q

Pteridophyta reproduce with _ and not with _

A

spores, seeds

53
Q

Pteridophyta common term

A

Horsetails

54
Q

what tissue are used by Pteridophyta to photosynthesize

A

epidermal tissue

55
Q

Psilotum example of

A

Whisk Ferns

56
Q

Trees in ancient forests (dinosaur era)

A

Horsetails

57
Q

Horsetails phylum

A

Pteridophyta

58
Q

Horsetails have _ that is hard for defense and support

A

Silica

59
Q

Scouring Rushes

A

named from Silica in Horsetails

60
Q

where are leaves located on Horsetails

A

stem joints aka nodes

61
Q

Where is the Strobilus on Horsetails

A

top

62
Q

only living genus of Horsetails

A

Equisetum

63
Q

True Ferns phylum

A

Pteridophyta

64
Q

True ferns have leafy _

A

fronds

65
Q

Most common spore bearing plant in terms of number of species and shear numbers

A

True Ferns

66
Q

Sori

A

structures that are clusters of sporangia on True Ferns

67
Q

Where are Sori located?

A

under the fronds of True Ferns

68
Q

Where do spores develop on True Ferns

A

in sporangia

69
Q

What shape is the gametophyte of True Ferns

A

heart

70
Q

heart shaped gametophyte of True Fernms

A

prothallus

71
Q

where do True Fern spores grow

A

ground

72
Q

Fiddle heads are a type of _

A

True Fern

73
Q

How do Fiddle Heads have vegetative growth

A

from rhizomes

74
Q

Ferns are _ plants and prefer _ and _

A

swamp, warmth, moisture

75
Q

Where do True Ferns occupy and why

A

lower canopy, prefer low to medium light

76
Q

What percent of water is absorbed for True Ferns through fronds

A

50

77
Q

Lower Plants very distinguishing charecterstic

A

Spore Bearers

78
Q

Liverworts time start

A

500 mya

79
Q

Hornworts time start

A

470 mya

80
Q

Mosses time start

A

440 mya

81
Q

Lycohphytes time start

A

420 mya

82
Q

Pterophytes time start

A

390 mya

83
Q

Gymnosperms time start

A

305 mya

84
Q

Angiosperms time start

A

305 mya

85
Q

Liverwort thallus structure shape

A

leaf-like

86
Q

3 Members of Bryophyta

A

liverworts, mosses, hornworts

87
Q

Member of Lycophyta

A

club moss

88
Q

3 members of Pteridophyta aka fern family

A

Whisk ferns, True ferns, Horsetails

Bio 2 (17 decks)

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