Chalter 8 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What were the three periods of sport and contest in Ancient Greece?
Heroic age
Man of action
Man of wisdom
What were the 2 main characteristics of ancient sports?
Ceremonial based
Survival based
Describe the heroic age
Physical prowess was a part of a warlike preparation
Describe the man of action period
Physical prowess reflected inter city warfare
Describe the man of wisdom period
Intellect was dominant feature
How did sport in Ancient Rome evolve?
Military preparedness changed into an obsession for personal health
What allowed the rural upper class to engage in activities, not interfered by the public?
Their power, land ownership and wealth
Give characteristics of lower class games
Occasional due to limited free time
Local due to limited transport
Unclouded due to illiteracy
Ritualised because of influence of church
Violent and cruel, reflecting their lives
Wageri
Who was the founder of the modern Olympics?
Baron de Coubertin
When and where the first modern Olympic Games.
Athens, 1896
Who competed in the first Olympic Games?
The sons of the wealthy from public school
What was significant about the 1936 Berlin games?
It was the first time a country used the Olympics to demonstrate nationalistic and political ideals
What was the agrarian revolution?
Gradual movement of workers from countryside to larger town
What causes the agrarian revolution
Emergence of a gentry class Enclosure of countryside Growth of Methodist movement Mechanisation of farms Poor wages of rural working class
Give characteristics of rational recreation
Regular, regulated, national, universal, codified, urban, festival, respectable
Describe the 3 main stages in development of sport in public school dam
Initially, the boys brought traditional ethnic sports into the schools for free time. Mob games and rural hunting were common.
Teachers and prefects channeled these activities into a socially acceptable form, resulting in rules and regulations being set
These activities became fully encouraged due to the idea of muscular Christianity, facilities built to encourage the sports
Describe the emergence of codification of rules.
Initially, written rules were established, different for each school as they were played internally. Then unified rules had to be created for inter school games to take part
What is the gentleman amateur?
The idea by which the boys who attended public schools, playing sport, would take their amateur sport with them to their career, throughout the British empire. Initially among the elite, but they expanded to involve the middle classes in the community
How did public schools for the upper class gentry affect the middle class?
It caused them to build their own public boarding schools with extensive sports facilities, linked by the railway system.
What was the reason for involving the working class in sport?
Physical endeavour and moral integrity would rub off and become part of a respectable working class culture
What influenced the growth of rational sport most?
Development of railway system
How did the definition of amateurism change over time?
From no financial gain, to covering expenses such as travel, to allowing funding and sponsorship to improve the game.
Why do wealthier countries tend to have more successful athletes?
They can pay athletes money to only focus on their sport to improve, not worrying about the business of living
What was the Olympic creed and when was it out forward?
Document basically saying that it’s not ago winning, about taking part. 1908
