Chapter 1- Development Of Active Leisure And Recreation Flashcards

0
Q

Define fitness

A

The capability to carry out ones daily tasks without undue fatigue

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1
Q

Define health related fitness

A

A basic level of physical fitness components which facilitate a good level of health

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2
Q

How are abilities determined?

A

Genetically

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3
Q

What are some social constraints to actual ability?

A

Opportunity, provision and self esteem

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4
Q

How has more free time affected health?

A

More free time has lead to sedentary lifestyles, stress in an ageing population

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5
Q

Define leisure

A

An activity, apart from the obligations of work, family and society, to which the individual turns to their own free will

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6
Q

Define recreation

A

A pleasurable occupation of leisure time

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7
Q

How is sport institutionalised?

A

By being regular, organised, and regulated with a code of behaviour

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8
Q

When was sport for all established?

A

1972

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9
Q

What was the general aim of sport for all, and why?

A

To attempt mass participation, to promote healthy lifestyles

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10
Q

What are all 11 contemporary concerns?

A
Diabetes
Chd
Obesity
Stress
Access
Ageing population
Activity patterns
Sedentary lifestyles
Metabolic syndrome
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
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11
Q

What are the 2 concern groups for obesity?

A

Elderly and young children

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12
Q

Define obesity

A

A surplus of adipose tissue resulting from excessive energy intake relative to energy expenditure

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13
Q

What are the costs to the nation of obesity?

A

Lack of independence and various diseases need extremely costly healthcare and nursing services

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14
Q

At what % body fat are men and women each considered obese?

A

25 men

35 women

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15
Q

What is a positive energy balance?

A

When energy intake exceeds energy output

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16
Q

What results from a positive energy balance?

A

Weight gain

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17
Q

In detail, describe process of weight gain

A

Excess CHO from food stored as glycogen. When glycogen stored are filled, CHO and excess fat are converted to fatty acids and glycerol, to be stored as triglycerides or fat in adipose tissue

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18
Q

Where is adipose tissues situated?

A

Around major organs, underneath skin and in skeletal muscle

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19
Q

What is hypertension basically?

A

High blood pressure

20
Q

What is the simplest way to control obesity?

A

Make energy output greater than energy intake

21
Q

How many deaths a year are caused by obesity in England?

A

Over 30,000

22
Q

What percentage of British population are obese?

23
Q

What percentage of British adult population are overweight?

24
What percentage has child obesity increased by in last 20 years?
300%
25
What is ischemia?
A condition where there is a reduction of blood flow and hence oxygen to heart
26
What is angina?
A heart disease due to ischemia
27
What is type 1 diabetes caused by?
Failure, through disease, of mechanism for insulin production
28
What is type 2 diabetes caused by?
Age related changes in the way the body reacts to insulin production
29
Why does diabetes occur?
When a persons body cannot regulate glucose levels
30
What are 4 symptoms of type 2 diabetes?
Lack of circulation to hands and feet Extreme thirst or hunger Unexplained weight loss Partial or total sight loss
31
At what level of blood pressure does hypertension occur?
140/90mmHg
32
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of arteries
33
What is cholesterol transported as?
Lipoproteins
34
What is LDL C
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
35
Why is LDL C bad?
It isn't removed by digestive system, lodges in walls of arteries in the form of plaque, causing atherosclerosis
36
What is the risk level of LDL C
Above 110 mg/dl
37
Why is HDL C good?
Prevents atherosclerosis by blocking LDL C from arteries
38
What's the risk level of HDL C?
Below 45 mg/dl
39
What does metabolic syndrome refer to?
People developing a resistance of muscle cells to action of insulin, so not enough glucose finds it's way to cells to enable them to work properly
40
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
One with none or irregular physical activity
41
What's the likelihood of sedentary men and women suffering a fatal heart attack compared to their physically active friends?
Twice as likely
42
Name some causes of sedentary lifestyles in children
Increased availability of transport, so less need to walk or run Discouragement of vigorous play activities Widening of non exercise based recreation
43
How can you achieve benefits of healthy lifestyle?
Exercise 3 times a week of 20 mins duration and raising pulse and br to 70% of max
44
What are hypokinetic disorders?
Diseases or conditions that develop party due to insufficient exercise
45
Give 3 examples of hypokinetic disorders
Osteoporosis Poor flexibility Osteoarthritis
46
What is longevity?
Where people are living longer due to improved nutrition, health care and exercise
47
What factors effect opportunities?
``` Gender Ethnicity/ religion Age Disability Social/economic class ```
48
What are the 6 types of stressor?
``` Social Chemical/biological Bacterial Physical Climatic Psychological ```