Champagne General Flashcards
(266 cards)
1
Q
Who was Dom Pérignon, and what is his contribution to Champagne?
A
The cellarmaster at the Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668-1715, and a master of assemblage.
2
Q
From whence do the terms pétillant, crémant (demi-mousseux) and grand mousseux stem?
A
The unpredictable variance in the level of mousse in early champagnes.
3
Q
What is the oldest still-operating Champagne house?
A
Gosset, 1584.
4
Q
What is the oldest Champagne house established for sparkling wine?
A
Ruinart, 1729.
5
Q
Major 18th century Champagne Houses
A
- Moët et Chandon
- Veuve Cliquot
- Taittinger
- Delamotte
6
Q
Who developed remuage?
A
Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin in 1816.
7
Q
Who first identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation, and when? (and what winemaking practice is named for him?)
A
Jean-Antoine Chaptal in 1801, Chaptlization
8
Q
Who created the first brut Champagne?
A
Pommery, in 1874, called “Nature”
9
Q
When was Champagne first delimited, and what was controversial about the decision?
A
1908; it originally excluded the Aube
10
Q
When was the Aube added to the appellation?
A
1927
11
Q
When was Champagne made an AOC?
A
1936
12
Q
What is unique about Champagne’s labeling?
A
They are the only AOC/AOP that is not required to include “appellation contrôlée/protégée” on the label.
13
Q
Who founded the Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), and when?
A
Robert-Jean de Vogüé (Moët et Chandon) in 1941
14
Q
NM/ND/MA are prohibited from farming more than how much land (whether owned or rented)?
A
15 hectares
15
Q
What wine created the category of “Prestige Cuvée,” and when?
A
Dom Pérignon (Moët et Chandon), in 1921
16
Q
When did the INAO expand the boundaries of Champagne?
A
2009, for the first time since 1927
17
Q
Champagne is located along what latitudinal parallel?
A
48th
18
Q
What is bouvreux?
A
A second crop in Champagne, which results when rain interrupts flowering. It is left on the vine, but rarely ripens
19
Q
What is belemnite chalk, and where is it found?
A
Chalk derived from fossilized cephalopods, with a high limestone content. Found on the hillsides of Champagne
20
Q
What is micraster chalk, and where is it found?
A
Chalk derived from fossilized sea urchins, found in Champagne’s valley floors
21
Q
What is the dominant soil type in the Aube?
A
Clay
22
Q
What are Les bleus de ville?
A
Remnants of blue plastic bags used to ship composted trash in the vineyards of Champagne
23
Q
Pinot Noir accounts for how much of Champagne’s acreage?
A
38.00%
24
Q
Chardonnay accounts for how much of Champagne’s acreage?
A
30.00%
25
Pinot Meunier accounts from how much of Champagne's acreage?
32.00%
26
What are the four minor grapes of Champagne?
- Pinot Blanc
- Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)
- Petit Meslier
- Arbane
27
What are the four permitting pruning techniques in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat, Chablis, Vallée de la Marne, Guyot (double and simple)
28
The CIVC set a limit on press yield in 1992. What is it?
102L/160kg of grapes, or 2550L/4000kg (4000kg is the capacity of a Coquard basket press)
29
Why is pinot meunier popular in the Vallée de la Marne?
It buds late and ripens early, which is good in a frost-prone region.
30
What is blocage?
The reserve of wine stocks for future vintages
31
What is deblocage?
The release of reserved wine for use in a vintage
32
What are the only two Premier Crus with a 99% rating?
- Mareuil-sur-Ay (Vallée de la Marne)
- Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)
33
When was a minimum value of 80 set for the échelle de Crus?
1985
34
When did one's ranking in the échelle de Crus change from a set price to a recommendation of pricing?
1990
35
What two regions of Champagne have no Grand Cru villages?
- Côte de Sézanne
- Côte des Bars (Aube)
36
What are the Grand Cru Villages of the Montagne de Reims?
- Sillery
- Puisieulx
- Beaumont-sur-Vesle
- Verzenay
- Mailly
- Verzy
- Louvois
- Bouzy
- Ambonnay
37
What are the Grand Cru Villages of the Vallée de la Marne?
- Aÿ
- Tours-sur-Marne (up for debate, listed as Montagne de Reims)
38
What are the Grand Cru Villages of the Côte des Blancs?
- Chouilly
- Oiry
- Cramant
- Avize
- Oger
- Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
39
What five villages were elevated to Grand Cru status in 1985?
- Verzy
- Chouilly
- Oiry
- Oger
- Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
40
What does NM mean?
Négociant Manipulant: a house that purchases grapes or base wines from other smaller houses
41
What does RM mean?
Récoltant Manipulant: a grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate grown fruit (<95%)
42
What does CM mean?
Coopérative Manipulant: a growers co-op that produces wine under a single brand
43
What does RC mean?
Récoltant Coopérateur: a grower who vinifies at a co-op but produces wine under his own label
44
What does SR mean?
Sociéte de Récoltants: A firm of related growers who share resources to make their wines and market them under their own separate brands
45
What does ND mean?
Négociant Distributeur: a middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make
46
What does MA mean?
Marque d'Acheteur: A "Buyer's Own Brand" that purchases champagne and sells it under its own label.
47
What are the three pressings of Champagne?
Vin de Cuvée, Vin de Taille, Rebêche
48
What is the volume of the Vin de Cuvée?
The first 2,050L
49
What is the volume of the Vin de Taille?
The next 500L
50
What is Rebêche, and what is it used for?
The third and final pressing of Champagne, comprising 1-10% of the total, used for distillate
51
What is débourbage?
Settling of must or wine, prior to racking
52
What are bourbes?
Sediments/solids in the must or wine
53
What is vin clair?
Champagne base wine
54
What often happens to vin clair after primary and malolactic (if applicable) fermentation?
Fining, filtering, and cold-stabilization
55
What comprises liqueur de tirage?
Still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents
56
What is prise de mousse?
The secondary fermentation
57
What is a bidule?
The plastic cap inserted into a champagne bottle pre-secondary fermentation, intended to catch the sediment during remuage
58
How much alcohol is generally acquired during the secondary fermentation?
1.2-1.3%
59
What does Sur Latte indicate?
Bottles stored on their sides
60
What is pointage?
A historic practice of shaking the bottles pre-remuage to prevent sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle (the need for this has been eradicated by newer strains of yeast)
61
What is a gyropalette?
A spanish invention for mass reumage, holding 504 bottles.
62
What does Sur Pointe indicate?
Bottles held in an upside-down vertical position
63
What is dégorgement à la glace?
The modern method: bottles are dipped in a freezing brine solution to freeze the sediment and a small portion of wine before disgorging.
64
What is dégorgement à la volée?
The traditional method, which uses the air bubble trapped in the bottle to eject the sediment plug.
65
What is liqueur d'expédition?
Dosage
66
What is the residual sugar in Extra Brut Champagne?
0-6g/L
67
What is the residual sugar in Brut Champagne?
0-12g/L
68
What is the residual sugar in Extra Dry Champagne?
12-17g/L
69
What is the residual sugar in Sec Champagne?
17-32 g/L
70
What is the residual sugar in Demi-Sec Champagne?
32-50 g/L
71
What is the residual sugar in Doux Champagne?
50+ g/L
72
By law, all Champagne cannot be disgorged before what time elapses?
12 months from tirage.
73
NV Champagne cannot be released to market before when?
15 months from tirage
74
Vintage Champagne cannot be released to market before when?
3 years from tirage
75
What is a Piccolo?
Quarter bottle/187mL
76
What is a Demi?
Half bottle/375mL
77
What is a Magnum?
2 bottles/1.5L
78
What is a Jeroboam?
4 bottles/3L
79
What is a Rehoboam?
6 bottles/4.5L
80
What is a Methuselah?
8 bottles/6L
81
What is a Salamanazar?
12 bottles/9L
82
What is a Balthazar?
16 bottles/12L
83
What is a Nebuchadnezzar?
20 bottles/15L
84
What is a Solomon?
24 bottles/18L
85
What is the Bordelais synonym for a Solomon?
Melchior
86
What year was the Rehoboam discontinued?
1989
87
When was Special Club founded, and how many producers does it contain?
1971; 26 producers
88
Other than the Crémants, what AOPs in France produce Traditional Method sparkling wine?
Vouvray, Montlouis-Sur-Loire, Saumur, Vin de Savoie, Seyssel, Blanquette de Limoux
89
Where is Roederer Estate?
Anderson Valley
90
Who produces Domaine Carneros?
Taittinger
91
Where is Domaine Chandon?
Yountville
92
What is Charmat?
A method of producing sparkling wine in tank: after the primary fermentation comes to a close, liqueur de tirage is added to the tank, which is pressurized. Once the secondary fermentation is finished the wine is filtered and bottled.
93
What is the Continuous Method?
Similar to Charmat, except that the wine is pumped through a series of interconnected tanks through the secondary fermentation, with more liqueur de tirage added constantly. As the lees accumulate, they create a higher degree of autolyzed flavors in the wine.
94
What is Cuve Close?
A synonym for Charmat
95
What is Transvasage?
The transfer, or Kriter method:
- the wine undergoes secondary fermentation in bottle, but rather than submit to riddling, the bottles are disgorged into a pressurized tank, filtered, and then bottled with dosage.
96
What method is used for bottles larger than a jeroboam or smaller than a half bottle?
Transvasage
97
What is MCR?
Mout Concentre Rectifie (concentrated and rectified grape must), often from the Languedoc or other high-volume regions, processed into neutrality and used for dosage.
98
What is provignage?
layering
99
What is en foule?
haphazard placement of vines resulting from replanting by layering
100
Three Special Club Producers in the Montagne de Reims
- **Paul Bara (Bouzy)**
- **J. Lassalle (Chigny-lès Roses)**
- **A. Margaine (Villers-Marmery)**
- Duménil (Chigny-lès-Roses*)
- Forget-Chemin (Ludes*)
- Fresnet-Juillet (Verzy)
- JM Goulard (Prouilly)
- Hervieux-Dumez (Sacy*)
- Juillet-Lallement (Verzy)
- Mouzon-Leroux et Fils (Verzy)
- Salmon (Chamuzy)
101
Three Special Club Producers in the Vallée de la Marne
- **Gaston Chiquet (Dizy)**
- **Henri Goutorbe (Aÿ)**
- **Marc Hébrart (Mareuil-sur-Aÿ)**
- **José Michel (Moussy)**
- **Moussé (Cuisles)**
- Joseph Loriot-Pagel (Festigny)
- Sanchez-le Guédard (Cumières*)
- Charlier et Fils (Montigny-sous-Châtillon)
102
Three Special Club Producers in the Côte des Blancs
- **Vazart-Coquart et Fils (Chouilly)**
- **Pierre Gimmonet et Fils (Cuis)**
- **Larmandier Père et Fils (Cuis)**
- Grognet (Etoges)
- Vincent Joudart (Fèrebrianges)
- Launois Père et Fils (Mesnil-Sur-Oger)
- Nominé-Renard (Villevenard)
- Pertois-Moriset (Mesnil-sur-Oger)
- Roland Champion (Chouilly)
103
Special Club Producer in the Aube
- Rémy-Massin et Fils (Ville-sur-Arce)
104
Five Premier Cru Villages in the Montagne de Reims
- **Villers-Marmery**
- **Vrigny**
- **Chigny-les-Roses**
- **Jouy-lès-Reims**
- **Ludes**
- **Tauxières-Mutry**
- **Trépail**
- **Rilly-la-Montagne**
- Avenay-Val-d'Or
- Bezannes
- Billy-le-Grand
- Chamery
- Cormontreuil
- Coulommes-la-Montagne
- Écueil
- Les Mesneux
- Montbré
- Pargny-lès-Reims
- Sacy
- Sermiers
- Taissy
- Trois-Puits
- Vaudemange
- Villers-Allerand
- Villers-aux-Nœuds
- Ville-Dommange
105
Three Premier Cru Villages in the Vallée de la Marne
- **Cumières**
- **Dizy**
- **Hautvillers**
- **Mareuil-sur-Aÿ**
- Bisseuil
- Champillon
- Mutigny
106
Three Premier Cru Villages in the Côte des Blancs
- **Cuis**
- **Pierry**
- **Vertus**
- **Voipreux**
- Bergères-lès-Vertus
- Étréchy
- Grauves
- Val-des-Marais (Coligny)
- Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
107
100% Meunier Champagnes:
- Prevost "Fac-Similie"
- Tarlant "La Vigne d'Or"
- Chartogne-Taillet "Les Varres"
- Bereche & FIls "Rive Gauches" 2013
- Christopher Mignon "Pur Meunier" 2013
- Mousse Fils "Special Club" 2013
108
Blanc de Blanc Champagnes
- Pierre Peters "Cuvee de Reserve"
- Pierre Gimmonet "Cuvee Cuis 1er Cru"
- Taittinger "Comtes de Champagne"
- Louis Roederer "Blanc de Blancs"
- Laherte Freres "Blanc de Blancs"
- Ruinart "Brut Blanc de Blancs"
109
Blanc de Noir Champagnes
110
Grower Produers
- Gaston Chiquet
- Pierre Gimmonet
- Laherte Freres
- Marc Hebrart
- Vilmart & Co
- Pierre Moncuit
- Il Billiot & FIls
111
Dom Perignon was the cellar master at what Abbey? From when to when?
* **Abbey of Hautvillers**
* **from 1668 until his death in 1715**
112
Vineyards in Champagne date back to what century?
**5th century**
113
Oldest Champagne house still in operation today and year founded
* **Gosset**, founded 1584 as still wine producer
* **Ruinart**, est 1729, can claim to be the oldest *sparkling* Champagne house
114
Jean-Antoine Chaptal
French chemist and statesman for whom the process of chaptalization is named, identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation in a seminal 1801 work.
115
Andre Francois
Andre Francois figured out the measurement of the precise amount of sugar required to induce second fermentation without breaking the bottle.
116
1st *Brut* Champagne
* **Pommery "Nature"**
* **1874**
117
Year Champagne region was delimited by the French government
**1908**
118
Year Aube was reinstated as a full region of Champagne
**1927**
119
Commision de Chalons
Year est.
* **Consortium of growers and merchants formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing**
* **1935**
120
Champagne
4 permitted pruning methods
* **Cordon de Royat**
* **Chablis**
* **Vallee de la Marne**
* **Guyot** (double and simple)
121
Champagne
Avg. vine age
**around 20 years**
* as the lower productivity of old vines is undesirable to most houses in Champagne
122
Number of villages with *grand cru* status
**17 *grand crus***
123
Number of villages classified as *premier cru*
**42 *premier cru***
* acording to their rankings in the *Echelle de Crus*
124
echelle ("scale") rating for grand cru village
**100**
125
*echelle* rating for classified premier cru
**90 - 99**
126
NM (*Negociant Manipulant*)
3 examples
* **Moet et Chandon**
* **Louis Roederer**
* **Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin**
* **Billecart-Salmon**
* **Lanson**
* **Taittinger**
* **Pol Roger**
* **Perrier Jouet**
* **Mumm**
* **Laurient-Perrier**
larger Champagne houses with the most interantional presence are invariably in this category
127
NM
**Negociant Manipulant**
* House that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses
* Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all
128
RM
**Recoltant Manipulant**
* Grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit
* 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer's own vineyards
129
CM
**Cooperative Manipulant**
* Grower's co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand
130
CM
**Cooperative Manipulant**
* Grower's co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand
131
RC
**Recoltant Cooperateur**
* Grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label
132
SR
**Societe de Recoltants**
* Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
133
ND
**Negociant Distributeur**
* Firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands
134
MA
Marche d'Acheteur
Buyer's own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
135
*RM (Recoltant Manipulant)*
% of the grapes that must originate in the producer's own vineyards
**95%**
136
Number of liters of must that may be extracted from 160 kg of grapes
Year CIVC set the limit
* **102 liters of must** / 160 kg of grapes
* or, 2,550 liters / 4,000 kg
* CIVC set the limit in 1992
137
The 2,550 liters of must, extracted from the 4,000 kg of grapes, is pressed and divided into what two parts?
* ***vin de cuvee*** (first 2,050 liters)
* ***vin de taille*** (the following 500 liters) - usually richer in pigment and tannin, and many producers sell off this lesser component of the must or include it in a minor proportion as a structural element in a blend
- ***rebeche***
138
*Vin de cuvee*
1st 2,050 liters of the press
(out of a total of 2,550 liters)
139
*Vin de taille*
500 liters from the 2nd part of the press
(out of a total 2,550 liters)
140
3rd press, required by law
***rebeche***
* Must comprise 1-10% of the total
* Used for distillate, not Champagne
141
How long does 2nd fermentation generally last?
**up to 8 weeks**
* As the yeast slowly convert the additional sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide
142
Appx alcohol increase after 2nd fermentation
**1.2-1.3%**
143
Philipponnat 'Clos de Goisses'
Vintage of the original release
**1935**
* Benchmark botting for *Single Vineyard Champagne*
144
Special Club
* Year est.
* Number of grower-producers at the time
* **1971**
* **12 grower-producers**
145
dosage, *liqueur d'expedition*
**Liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine added after degorgement that determines level of sweetness**
146
*liqueur de tirage*
**Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that serve to ignite second fermentation**
147
Champagne NV (Non Vintage)
* Min time with lees prior to degorgement
**12 months**
148
Champagne NV (Non Vintage)
* Min time in bottle prior to release
12 months with the lees, **15 months in bottle**
149
Vintage Champagne
* Min time in bottle prior to release
**36 months**
150
Champagne
2 still wine AOPs
* **Coteaux Champenois** - covers still red, white, and rose wines from the entire appellation
* **Rose de Riceys** - reserved for 100% Pinot Noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube
151
Bottle sizes
* Quarter Bottle (Piccolo)
* Half Bottle (Demi)
* Bottle
* Magnum
* Jeroboam
* Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989)
* Methuselah
* Salmanazar
* Balthazar
* Nebuchadnezzar
* Solomon
* Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) - **187 ml**
* Half Bottle (Demi) - **375 ml**
* Bottle - **750 ml**
* Magnum - **1.5 L (2 bottles)**
* Jeroboam - **3 L (4 bottles)**
* Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) **- 4.5 L (6 bottles)**
* Methuselah **- 6 L (8 bottles)**
* Salmanazar **- 9 L (12 bottles)**
* Balthazar **- 12 L (16 bottles)**
* Nebuchadnezzar - **15 L (20 bottles)**
* Solomon - **18 L (24 bottles)**
152
*pupitre*
***pupitre***
**Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright "A" shape, with 60 angled holes cut into each plank of wood that holds the bottles for remuage/riddling**
153
Recent Top Vintages of Champagne
**2006** - Rich fruit, finesse
**2004** - High quantity and quality, elegance
**2002** - Ripe, concentrated, extroverted
**2000** - Decent quality, but "novelty" of the millenium
**1998** - Very large quantity that did not sacrifice quality
**1997** - High quality often overlooked by 95s and 96s
**1996** - Outstanding, very high acidity, powerful fruit
**1995** - Generous fruit, low alcohol levels
**1990** - Dense, powerful aromatics
**1989** - Powerful, generous, rich
**1988** - Classic, finessed, conservative
154
Montagne de Reims
Grand Cru Villages
* **Sillery**
* **Puisieulx**
* **Beaumont-sur-Vesle**
* **Verzenay**
* **Mailly Champagne**
* **Verzy\***
* **Louvois**
* **Bouzy**
* **Ambonnay**
* **Tours-sur-Marne**
* added after 1985
155
Vallée de la Marne
Grand Cru Villages
* **Aÿ** (red grapes 100%, white grapes 90%)
* **Tours-sur-Marne** (debatable)
156
Côte de Blancs
Grand Cru Villages
* **Chouilly\*** (white grapes 100%, red grapes 95%)
* **Oiry\***
* **Cramant**
* **Avize**
* **Oger\***
* **Le Mesnil-sur-Oger\***
* added after 1985
157
Montagne de Reims
Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**26**
* **Avenay-Val-d'Or**
* **Bezannes**
* **Billy-le-Grand**
* **Chamery**
* **Chigny-les-Roses**
* **Cormontreuil**
* **Coulommes-la-Montagne**
* **Écueil**
* **Jouy-lès-Reims**
* **Ludes**
* **Les Mesneux**
* **Montbré**
* **Pargny-lès-Reims**
* **Rilly-la-Montagne**
* **Sacy**
* **Sermiers**
* **Taissy**
* **Tauxières-Mutry**
* **Trépail**
* **Trois-Puits**
* **Vaudemange**
* **Villers-Allerand**
* **Villers-aux-Nœuds**
* **Ville-Dommange**
* **Villers-Marmery**
* **Vrigny**
158
Côte de Blancs
Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**9**
(B,C,E - G,P,V - V,V,V)
Bergères-lès-Vertus
Cuis
Étréchy
Grauves
Pierry (Coligny)
Val-des-Marais
Vertus
Villeneuve-Renneville-Chevigny
Voipreux
159
Vallée de la Marne
Number of *Premier Cru Villages*
**7**
* **Bisseuil**
* **Champillon**
* **Cumières**
* **Dizy**
* **Hautvillers**
* **Mareuil-sur-Ay**
* **Mutigny**
160
*bouvreux*
Rain often interrupts flowering, resulting in a *bouvreux*, or ***second crop***, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine
161
Piccolo
**Quarter bottle / 187mL**
162
Demi
**Half bottle / 375mL**
163
Magnum
**2 bottles / 1.5L**
* **Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L**
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
164
Jeroboam
**Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* **Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L**
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
165
Rehoboam
**Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* **Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L**
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
166
Methuselah
**Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* **Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L**
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
167
Salmanazar
**Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* **Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L**
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
168
Balthazar
**Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* **Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L**
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L
169
Nebuchadnezzar
**Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L**
* Magnum: 1.5L (2 bottles)
* Jeroboam: 3L (4 bottles)
* Rehoboam: 4.5L (6 bottles)
* Methuselah: 6L (8 bottles)
* Salamanazar: 9L (12 bottles)
* Balthazar: 12L (16 bottles)
* **Nebuchadnezzar: 15L (20 bottles) 15L**
* Solomon: 18L (24 bottles)
170
Solomon
**Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L**
* Magnum: 2 bottles / 1.5L
* Jeroboam: 4 bottles / 3L
* Rehoboam: 6 bottles / 4.5L
* Methuselah: 8 bottles / 6L
* Salamanazar: 12 bottles / 9L
* Balthazar: 16 bottles / 12L
* Nebuchadnezzar: 20 bottles / 15L
* **Solomon: 24 bottles / 18L**
171
Solomon
Bordelais synonym
**Melchior**
172
Rehoboam
Year discontinued
**1989**
173
Champagne
Dry
**12-17 g/L**
174
Champagne
Sec
**17-32 g/L**
175
Champagne
Demi-Sec
**32-50 g/L**
176
Champagne
Doux
**50+ g/L**
177
*sur pointe*
**Bottles held in an upside-down vertical position**
178
*dégorgement à la glace*
**The modern method, bottles are dipped in a freezing brine solution to freeze the sediment and a small portion of wine before disgorging.**
179
*dégorgement à la volée*
**The traditional method, which uses the air bubble trapped in the bottle to eject the sediment plug.**
180
Champagne
* Two regions with no Grand Cru villages
* **Côte de Sézanne
**
* **Côte des Bars (Aube)**
181
Why is Meunier so widely planted in the Vallée de la Marne?
**It buds late and ripens early, which is good in a frost-prone region.**
182
*blocage*
**The reserve of wine stocks for future vintages**
183
*deblocage*
**The release of reserved wine for use in a vintage**
184
Only two Premier Crus with a 99% rating
* **Tauxières** (Montagne de Reims)
* **Mareuil-sur-Ay** (Vallée de la Marne)
185
Year min. value of 80 was set for the Échelle de Crus.
**1985**
186
Year ranking in the Échelle de Crus changed from a set price to a recommendation of pricing.
**1990**
187
4 minor grapes of Champagne
* **Pinot Blanc (Vrai)**
* **Fromenteau (Pinot Gris)**
* **Petit Meslier**
* **Arbane**
188
What is unique about Champagne's labeling?
**They are the only AOC/AOP that is not required to include "Appellation Contrôlée/Protégée" on the label.**
189
Who founded the Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), and when?
**Robert-Jean de Vogüé (Moët et Chandon) in 1941**
190
NM/ND/MA are prohibited from farming more than how much land (whether owned or rented)?
**15 ha**
191
1st Prestige Cuvée
**Dom Pérignon (Moët et Chandon), 1921**
192
Year INAO expand the boundaries of Champagne
**2009, for the first time since 1927**
193
Champagne
Latitude
**48th Parallel**
194
Four major 18th century Champagne houses
* **Moët et Chandon**
* **Veuve Cliquot**
* **Taittinger**
* **Delamotte**
195
Who developed *remuage*?
**Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, 1816**
196
Where do the terms pétillant, crémant (demi-mousseux) and grand mousseux originate?
**The unpredictable variance in the level of mousse in early champagnes**
197
What were the two 99-point premier crus from the échelle des crus?
Mareuil-sur-Äy; Tauxieres
198
Cuis, Vertus, and Grauves are premier crus in ______________________.
Cotes de Blancs
199
What was the first commercially available prestige cuvée?
Dom Perignon (Moët et Chandon) in 1936
199
Who are the 3 founding Special Club producers that remain part of the Club Trésors today?
Pierre Gimonnet
Paul Bara
Gaston Chiquet
200
Name 3 100% Pinot Noir Champagnes.
Bollinger "Vieilles Vignes Françaises"
Billecart-Salmon "Clos St-Hilaire"
Egly-Ouriet "Les Crayères"
Krug "Clos d'Ambonnay"
201
Regulations in Champagne allow for _____ grams of variation between the stated and actual RS.
3 grams
202
What are the 4 permitted vine training systems in Champagne?
Chablis, Cordon, Guyot, Vallée de la Marne
203
What is rebêche?
Third extraction after pressing that is required by law, and must comprise 1-10% of total extraction; used for distillate
204
What is provignage, and which famous Champagne house uses this method for one of their top parcels?
Pre-phylloxera term for propagating plants via layering; Bollinger's "Vieilles Vignes Françaises"
205
What is the most recent vintage of Clos d'Ambonnay? Clos du Mesnil?
2006; 2008
205
Do 375 ml bottles have to undergo secondary fermentation in bottle?
Yes, but upwards of 20% of bottles may be transferred from another bottle
206
What is the name for the big staple that is occasionally used in lieu of the muselet?
agrafé
207
In what year did Champagne finally prohibit the dumping of urban trash in their vineyards?
1999
208
Biodynamic Champagne producers:
Roederer
Fleury
Françoise Bedel
Larmandier-Bernier
Léclapart
Leclerc-Briant
Vouette & Sorbée
209
What is the name for the small hill of chalk east of Reims and north of the Montagne de Reims?
Monts de Berru
210
What two prominent villages on the Montagne de Reims are known for growing chardonnay?
Trepail & Villers-Marmery
211
What was the last year in which Philipponnat didn’t produce their Clos des Goisses?
1987 (the 1994 was produced but has never been released)
212
Which Grand Cru village has the greatest amount of plantings? Which has the least?
Chouilly has 522.5 ha; Puisieulx has 18.8 ha
213
What is the predominant soil-type of the Aube?
Kimmeridgian
214
What percentage of an RM’s production must come from their own vineyards?
95%
215
What direction do the vineyards of Montagne de Reims face?
North and South
216
What did Andre Francois discover?
Precise amount of sugar required to induce 2nd fermentation without breaking the bottle.
217
What percentage of grapes must originate from a growers own vineyard for RM?
95%
218
What's the annual temperature of Champagne?
50 F
219
Latitude and average growing season temperature of Reims?
49.3 deg / 58.4F (14.7C)
220
Appellation of still red and whites produced in Champagne?
Coteaux Champenois
221
Who was the first French King to be baptized in the Cathedral de Reims?
Clovis I (King of Franks), baptized 496, considered the founder of the nation of France (political and religious founder)
222
Approximate vineyard plantings percentage in the region of Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay, respectively?
38%, 32% and 30%, respectively
223
How far is Champagne from Paris?
90miles (145kms) northeast of Paris
224
When and who built the crayeres below Reims?
Around 80 BC, dug by Romans to mine salt, chalk and stone which was also used in construction of Reims
225
In what year did Veuve Cliquot create the pupitre?
Created in 1813 by Antoine de Muller, cellar master Veuve Cliquot Ponsardin
226
Where did the name Champagne originate?
Dating to sixth century, “campagnia remensis”, Latin term for the countryside around Reims
227
France’s first champagne house?
Ruinart, dating to 1729
228
How many villages are authorized to produce champagne? How many are Grand Cru?
319, 17
229
Name 2 producers that have left the special club?
Pierre Peters
Mouzon-Leroux
230
Name 3 contributions of Dom Perignon to Champagne viticulture or winemaking?
231
What are the heirloom varieties of Champagne?
Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, Arbanne
232
Name a producer of a monovarietal Champagne from each of the heirloom varieties?
**Pinot Blanc**: Vouette & Sorbee Textures, Charles Dufour Clos des Fous, Cedric Bouchard La Bolorée, Pierre Gerbais l’Originale ;
**Arbanne** - Olivier Horiot, Moutard,
**Petit Meslier** - Duval Leror Autentis PMeslier
233
Which parcels are used to produce Vieilles Vignes Françaises? In what village are they located?
Chaudes Terre, Clos-St-Jacques ; Aÿ
234
How large is a champagne barrel? why?
205L - ten barrels to the maximum press yield of a marc
235
What is the prise de mousse?
French term for secondary fermentation in bottle
236
Name a producer based in the Sézannais?
Pascal Doquet, Collet, Pertois-Moriset
237
Who produces ‘Les Béguines’?
Jérôme Prevost (La Closerie)
238
What is the oldest continuously operated maison / winery in champagne?
Gosset, 1584 (Ruinart was first dedicated sparkling wine house in champagne)
239
Which grand cru champagne village has the highest percentage of Pinot Nior?
Ay
240
What is the difference between Dom P2 and Dom P3?
P2 is aged 20 years on the lees, P3 is aged 30 to 40 years on the lees.
241
What year would be the best year of champagne production between 1999,2000,2001,2002?
2002
242
Name a producer from Cotes des Bar
Drappier
243
Who was the first to produce rose champagne under the name Oeil de Perdrix Mousseux?
Ruinart
244
Lore- what is the vintage of Les Petits Enfants? What is the historical significance of this vintage?
The 1914 vintage was harvested by the children of Champagne, who could stay below the canopy. More than 20 children were killed via sniper fire or random shelling during the 3 week harvest of 1914.
245
Name a Special Club producer in each of Montagne de Reims, Vallee de Marne, and Cote des Blancs:
Montagne de Reims-
Paul Bara (Bouzy)
Duménil (Chigny-les-Roses)
Forget-Chemin (Ludes)
Fresnet-Juillet (Verzy)
Hervieux-Dumez (Sacy)
Juillet-Lallement (Verzy)
J. Lassalle (Chigny-les-Roses)
A. Margaine (Villers Marmery)
Salmon (Chaumuzy)
246
Name a Special Club producer in each of Montagne de Reims, Vallee de Marne, and Cote des Blancs:
Vallee de Marne-
Charlier et Fils (Montigny-sous-Châtillon part of Châtillon-sur-Marne)
Gaston Chiquet (Dizy)
Henri Goutorbe (Aÿ)
Marc Hébrart (Mareuil-sur-Aÿ)
Joseph Loriot-Pagel (Festigny, East Village/Rive Gauche)
Sanchez-Le Guédard (Cumières)
247
Name a Special Club producer in each of Montagne de Reims, Vallee de Marne, and Cote des Blancs:
Roland Champion (Chouilly)
Pierre Gimonnet et Fils (Cuis)
Larmandier Père et Fils (Cuis)
Pertois-Moriset (Le Mesnil-sur-Oger)
Vazart-Coquart et Fils (Chouilly)
Coteaux du Morin
Grongnet (Etoges, Peter Liem defines as in the Coteaux du Morin, just SW of Mesnil-sur-Oger in Cote des Blancs)
Vincent Joudart (Fèrebrianges, Coteaux du Morin)
Nominé-Renard (Villevenard)
The Aube
Rémy Massin et Fils (Ville-sur-Arce)
Coteaux sud D’Epernay
José Michel et Fils (Moussy)
248
Name 3 producers who create fresh/reductive house styles of Champagne?
Pierre Gimmonet, Vueve Fourny, Ruinart
249
What is the only Grand Cru of Montagne de Reims that is Chardonnay dominant?
Sillery 57% Chardonnay plantings
250
Can you name another Grower Organization besides Special Club?
Other Grower Organizations:
Terres et Vins de Champagne, est. 2009 (25 total)
Pascal Agrapart, Alexandre Chartogne, Benoit Lahaye, Vincent Laval, Benoit Tarlant
Hosts annual public tasting in Ay, huge success- Champagnes and vin clair
Les Artisans du Champagne, est. 2010
J.-L.Vergnon, Marc Hebrart, Savart, Vilmart (17 total)
Tasting day after Terres et Vins, April
Trait-d-Union
Followed suit of tastings in April
Jacques Selosse, Egly-Ouriet, Jerome Prevost, Larmandier-Barnier, Jacquesson, Roger Coulon
3rd Week of April now dubbed *Le Printemp de Champagnes* in 2016= 33 events including now a tasting by Club Tresors
Les Mains du Terroir de Champagne
Important one- featuring Janisson-Baradon, De Sousa, J.-M. Seleque, Eric Rodez
Des Pieds et des Vins
Newer estates; Barrat-Masson, Etienne Calsac, Mouzon-Leroux
251
New permitted 8th grape of Champagne and what advantage does it offer growers?
Voltis, downy and powdery mildew resistant
252
What vine training method is shown here?
Chablis
253
Bollinger, Vieilles Vignes Francais
What does Vielles Vignes reference with this wine?
It references the En Foule planting of Pinot Noir. “In a crowd” plantings for Bollinger reach 30,000 vines per hectare, these super dense plots create ultimate competition for nutrients, creating high quality fruit that reduces yields by 35%. Avg 8000 vine per ha in Champagne, otherwise.
Own-rooted.
Clos St-Jacques in Aÿ is a walled vineyard of 21 ares (0.5 acre) very near Bollinger’s winery. The vines in this tiny sloping vineyard are all ungrafted; only half have been planted by provignage and the other half conventionally.
254
Name another producer in Champagne that is able to plant on original rootstock?
Chartogne-Taillet, Merfy
Tarlant, Oeuilly
Nicolas Maillart, Ecuei
255
What are the vineyards received 99% rating at Echelle de Crus?
Tauxieres Mutry
Mareuil-sur-Ay
256
Name a 100% Meunier
Chartogne-Taillet, Les Barres
Egly Ouriet, les Vignes de Vrigny
Tarlant, La Vigne d’or
Demiere, Lysandre
257
What are the first vintage of Dom Perignon and Rose?
Dom; 1921
Rose; 1959
258
What is the single vineyard bottling of Billecart Salmon and what is the assemblage?
Clos St-Hilare, 100% Pinot Noir
259
What are the 2 grand crus contribute the most to La Grande Dame?
Verzenay
Avize
260
What is the first commercial vintage of Salon?
1921
261
Which companies are the top 5 producers in Champagne by volume?
Moet & Chandon
Veuve Clicquot
Nicolas Feruillatte
Mumm
Laurent-Perrier
262
Name Special Club rose producers:
Paul Bara
Salmon
Mousse et Fils
263
Examples of Demi-sec Champagnes:
Moet - Imperial Ice
Moet - Nectar
264
Examples of Doux Champagne:
Veuve - Rich (blanc and rose)
Jean Veselle -
Andre Beaufort (rose)
Fleury -
Georges Laval -
Lallier - Grand Dosage
