Changing Economic World Flashcards

Question

Economic reasons for different levels of development - cycle

Answer 1

- The ***developing*** world produce low value goods such as food/minerals and clothing - The ***developed*** world buys low value goods and turns them into high value goods - The high value goods are sold to the developing countries at a higher price than they made from selling them - The rich get richer, the poor get poorer

Answer 2

- Coastline: 8/15 lowest HDI countries have no coastline - Natural Hazards: Port-au-Prince Earthquake in Haiti, causing 230,000 deaths. Since then, the country has struggled to develop - Climate: Not too clear. Poor desert countries e.g Chad but some rich e.g Saudi Arabia. Central Africa struggles (rainforests) but Brazil has the 8th largest economy

Answer 3

- Europe, NA, Oceania countries can earn > $35,000 per year e.g UK - African countries can earn < $935 per year e.g DRC - Saudi is an anomaly due to its large oil reserves

Answer 4

- Infant Mortality Rate of 0-5 per 1000 are NA, Europe, Oceania e.g Canada - 100-110: Angola - Afghanistan anomaly due to war

Answer 5

The movement of people from one place to another

Answer 6

Where a person ***chooses*** to move of their own free will e.g a new job, a better life

Answer 7

Where a person is ***forced*** to leave their country e.g war, natural hazards, religious/racial persecution, famine

Answer 8

- 5-10 migrants per 1000 (NA, Europe, Oceania) e.g Germany - -5 to -10 per 1000 (Africa, Asia) e.g Algeria - Anomaly is Venezuela (-20+) due to an inflation crisis

Answer 9

Aid is when a country or organisation donate resources to help a country develop

Answer 10

Any form of aid given that solves immediate problems

Answer 11

Any form of aid that rebuilds the area and people's lives

Answer 12

- Food parcels - Bottled Water - Medical Supplies - Old clothing donated by people - Money for the government - Tents and blankets

Answer 13

- Seeds, fertilisers and pesticides - Tractors and farm machinery - Farming tools (spades, hoes, rakes) - Building materials and machinery to dig wells to provide clean water - Medical supplies - Teams of doctors/nurses - Teachers to educate people - Money for the government

Answer 14

- Tied aid - 'strings' attached - Top-down aid - Corrupt governments - Not specific - Countries become dependent - Loans > interest > debt

Answer 15

Projects that are imposed in people from 'above'

Answer 16

Foreign aid that must be used in the donor country to buy goods and services from the country giving the aid. e.g China giving Sierra Leone an airport in exchange for natural resources

Answer 17

- small-scale technology - simple enough that people can manage it directly and on a local level - Makes use of skills and technology that are available locally to supply basic human needs such as gas, electricty, water, food and waste disposal

Answer 18

- Affordable for everyone - Local people involved in design/planning - Simple to build and use by local people - Easy and cheap to repair and maintain - Local materials

Answer 19

- Water is contaminated by sewage, waste products and animal faeces - Water takes a long time to collect - people walk many miles and many hours a day - Water is not in plentiful supply - Many children below 5 die each year as a result of dirty water - either through diarrhoea, dystentry or malaria.

Answer 20

Captures and collects rainwater and stores it safely for future use.

Answer 21

- Tank prevents contamination - Tanks are cheap - Time taken to collect water reduces - Spare water can be used to water crops or provide water for cattle

Answer 22

Reliant on the rain

Answer 23

A hole in the ground that water is pumped through using a hand-pump which requires no servicing and delivers clean water.

Answer 24

- Cheap to install - Straightforward to repair - locals can repair it - Clean, disease-free water - Acts as a village meeting point - No environmental impact

Answer 25

- The hole needs to be dug deep enough or the water might run out - More expensive than rainwater harvesting

Answer 26

A simple tool for transporting water from distant watering holes back to homes.

Answer 27

- Simple and easy to use - 90L capacity > a 5x increase - 30,000 rollers can supply 200,000 people - Cheap

Answer 28

- Water may not be free from contamination or disease.

Answer 29

A pump that is powered by pedalling a bike.

Answer 30

- Plug a normal bike's rear wheel to a friction drive connected to a pump - The back tire connects with the former armature of the motor - The wheels are moved by raw muscle power

Answer 31

- 40L per minute - Portable > ride to different wells - Quite cheap - Speeds up rate of collection - No environmental impact - Locals are trained to repair the bike pump

Answer 32

You still have to carry the water

Answer 33

- TNCs invest money and skills in LICs - This helps with the development of infrastructure e.g roads and power - This could improve access to water and electricity - This leads to improvements to transport like ports and airports - This encourages other businesses to follow

Answer 34

- Since 1970, Malaysia has seen a dramatic growth in its wealth and quality of live of its inhabitants. - It's developed a thriving manufacturing sector. One of the leading products is Proton cars. - With the growth of manufacturing comes a skilled work force and a higher quality product which leads to more income from sales and the arrival of foreign TNCs such as Dyson.

Answer 35

- inward investment helps Malaysia's development - worker's earnings help to boost the economy, the more they earn the more they spend so more tax is paid

Answer 36

- Dyson's profits increase - Increased corporate taxes mean more money is available for public services in the UK such as health and education. - New opportunities for scientists to work for Dyson

Answer 37

- Dyson moving washing machine production to Malaysia lost 65 jobs. - Dyson moving vaccum cleaning production where production costs are 30 pence lower lost 800 jobs.

Answer 38

- UK Worker = £9 per hour - Malaysian Worker = £3 per hour - UK Office Rent = £114 per sq metre - Malaysia Office Rent = £38 per sq metre

Answer 39

- From 1965 to 1985, it rose from 5 billion to 20 billion. - By 1995, it was at 100 billion. - As of 2015, it's at 300 billion.

Answer 40

- 2009: £8635.10 - 2017: £11521.45

Answer 41

- A factory is built - Employment created - Which brings higher wages - Higher wages generate more taxes - Governments can invest more in schools, health and infrastructure - Quality of live and the environment improves - Entices more companies to invest in the country

Answer 42

- 1.8 million visited Kenya in 2017

Answer 43

- Ol Pajeta Rhino Sanctuary - Diani Beach - Shela Beach in Lamu - Mt Kenya (hiking, volcano) - Masai Mara - hot air balloon in a safari - Tana River - canoeing

Answer 44

- Tourism contributes to 12% of Kenya's GDP - It has a warm climate and beautiful scenery - 600,000 are employed by tourism (10%) - 24 national parks charge entry fees which maintains them and protects wildlife - Visa fees cut by 50% in 2009 > easier to visit - HDI score risen from 0.45 in 2000 to 0.55 - In 2014, Kenya earnt more than $450m from tourism

Answer 45

- Only a small proportion of the money earned goes to locals - Some tribes were forced off the land to create national parks for tourists - Tourist vehicles damage the environment e.g destroy vegetation, disturb animals - Terror attacks threaten the tourism industry - Builiding of hotels, roads, shops damage environment - Safari guides using meat to lure animals affects their hunting instincts

Answer 46

- Information Technology - Service Industries - Finance - Research

Answer 47

Industries that don't need raw materials and make use of information technologies to locate anywhere

Answer 48

- Excellent facilities - High skilled labour force - Well connected globally - Historic links - Government initiatives - Superb educational institutions - Great reputation - Good internal infrastructure

Answer 49

Areas of industry that have grown up on Greenfield sites outside of major cities around the world.

Answer 50

- M11 offers a quick route to London - Stanstead airport is 30 mins on motorway - Close links to Cambridge University, allowing researchers from there to work with researchers from the companies of the Science Park.

Answer 51

R+D in pharmaceuticals and micro-electronics

Answer 52

- Created in 1971 - 1,200 tech firms can be found - These employ 35,000 people - Phillips provides local investment

Answer 53

- Amazon Warehouse (M1) is visually and air polluting (lorries) - Tata steel (Wales) is air, noise and visually polluting - The Mill (Corby) is visually polluting - Power plant (Nottinghamshire) is air polluting as it burns non-renewable materials - Hope Quarry (Derby) is visually and air polluting - Oil Rig (North Sea) is visually, air and potentially water polluting (oil spills). Oil is finite.

Answer 54

- Be energy efficient - Conserve natural resources through recycling - Reduce the need for fossil fuels to produce electricity and for transport - Reduce waste - Be socially sustainable - consideration of staff and their well-being

Answer 55

- Rooftop garden provides insulation - Next to King's Cross station > less cars - Pool, basketball > staff wellbeing - A well-connected point in London > accessible - Nap room - 686 bikes, only 4 car spaces - Solar Panels > 20 MWh - 7,000 jobs - Motorised timber blinds keep the sun out

Answer 56

- £1b - Heightens N/S Divide - High population density - Bad road links - Solar panels may be unreliable due to the British weather - Adds to public transport

Answer 57

- improvements in transport have allowed people to live in the countryside and commute to the cities for work. - This movement is known as ***COUNTERURBANISATION***

Answer 58

- many people can work anywhere (footloose) and tend to prefer more rural locations

Answer 59

- As farming has become more mechanised, and job opportunities limited, the young tend to migrate away to the cities in search of work and university education.

Answer 60

- Life in cities is increasingly stressful and fast-paced, many retire to the countryside to relax and unwind

Answer 61

- Many first time buyers cannot afford property in rural areas such as Chipping Campden

Answer 62

- Mobility - Technology - Employment - Pollution - Stress - House Prices

Answer 63

- Annual population increase of 2.9%

Answer 64

- The village has a **main line train station** to London Paddington - The village has **great history** with many listed/old buildings - Honeybourne has **good road links** to Evesham and Worcester - The location outside the Cotswolds makes **housing more affordable** - **A rural setting** makes this an inviting environment to live in with less pollution and crime

Answer 65

- The growing population means that local services get enough income to remain open, such as the **2 pubs** - **Local businesses are thriving** and new shops such as the Co-op have been successful - Excellent local primary school, however this is bursting at the seams

Answer 66

- Pollution from increased vehicle use is making **air pollution worse** - Over **2000** people now live in Honeybourne meaning the village is becoming increasingly like a town - Many new residents unaware of local cultures so they are increasingly dying out - Historic families of the village (mostly farmers) **are being priced out** due to rising house prices caused by demand.

Answer 67

- People, especially the young, leave for more opportunities in urban areas - Employers find it difficult to recruit labour - Less investment happens in the area and businesses shut - Less money, less employment and fewer people leads to shops and services declining - People notice the decline and the lower quality of life

Answer 68

- Number of school children set to decline which could lead to school closures - Fewer people of working age to fill rural jobs e.g on farms - UK and Scottish governments provide subsidies towards cost of operating ferries and maintenance of essential services - Struggle to maintain economy as fewer customers. Services such as pubs, post offices and banks close down

Answer 69

- Fewer customers mean that services such as pubs, post offices and banks close down - An increasing population with fewer younger people to support them will lead to care issues in the future - Local public transport routes shut due to lack of demand, leaving people (especially the elderly) isolated

Answer 70

Life Expectancy: - Glasgow = 72.3 - Cornwall = 83.9 Salary: - Manchester = £26,900 - London = £34,400 House Price: - Newcastle = £150,000 - Essex = £350,000 Unemployment: - North-East = 5.9% - South-East = 3% % with no qualifications: - Sparkbrook (Bham) = 37% - Oxford = 2% Rise in population: - North Wales = -4% - Bristol = +12%

Answer 71

- Deindustrialisation in Northern cities - Closure of coal mines in South Wales - Isolation from trade partners in Europe - Location of prestigious universities in the South (Oxbridge) - Lack of investment - Poor transport links with South-East - Far from government London hub

Answer 72

- Northern Powerhouse - Assisted Areas

Answer 73

- A proposal to boost economic growth in the UK by linking the ‘core’ cities of Hull, Sheffield, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle

Answer 74

- areas of the UK that are economically disadvantaged and therefore qualify for aid. - These are areas that contain 30% of the UK’s population

Answer 75

- Improve transport links e.g motorway improvements and HS2 - Invest in science and innovation e.g Newcastle Science Central - Devolve the powers of government (e.g cities have their own elected mayors)

Answer 76

- Population Growth - Changed Industries - Global Trade - Economic Growth

Answer 77

- Population is growing - More vehicles - More commuters - Need for more goods e.g Internet shopping / Amazon

Answer 78

- from industrial to tertiary/quaternary - these are ‘footloose’ which means the need for better transport networks

Answer 79

- World is more globalised and connected - We need to improve our ports in order to import and export goods

Answer 80

- Greater need to connect via air, road and ocean with other countries

Answer 81

- Costed the UK Economy £9 million in wasted time in 2016

Answer 82

- Heathrow airport is at 98% capacity, with a plane landing and taking off every 29 seconds

Answer 83

- The UK’s rail network was largely built in the 1800s. - It is no longer fit for purpose and leads to overcrowding, delays and slow travel.

Answer 84

- Second largest in Europe - 500 million tonnes of freight per year - 60 million international and domestic passenger journeys - Directly employs 101,000 people

Answer 85

- Liverpool 2 is a £400 million project. - It expands the UK’s largest transatlantic port and creates one of Europe’s most advanced container terminals. What did it offer? - - 3 ship to shore cranes - 10 cantilever rail mounted gantry cranes - Can manage unloading of two 380m vessels simultaneously - More reefer points

Answer 86

- Offers exporters based in the North a more competitive route to international markets, reducing the North/South Divide.

Answer 87

- 2 million tonnes of freight - 750,000 flights depart to 400 airports in 114 countries per year - 420,000 domestic flights to 60 airports in UK

Answer 88

- Helps London compete with NY and Paris - £200 billion boost to UK economy - Increase London based employment - Keeps London’s place as a leading world city.

Answer 89

- Already UK’s Largest CO2 emitter - Noise pollution for people living near flight path - Sipson village destroyed > 700 homes and a graveyard - Alternative is expanding Manchester Airport instead

Answer 90

- Hard shoulder, used for traffic - Technology used to remember congestion levels

Answer 91

- Congestion Costs £2 billion a year - 25% of this resulting from incidents - So improving roads reduces incidents and costs

Answer 92

- Change speed limit to smooth traffic flow - Activate warning signs to alert you to traffic jams and hazards - Close lanes to let emergency vehicles through

Answer 93

- Increased road capacity - Less cost - Just as safe - Hard shoulder can be opened to traffic

Answer 94

- Lack of safety due to no hard shoulder for broken down vehicles - Speed at which emergency services can respond if all lanes are used for traffic - Money-making scam? Speed cameras are often fitted to overhead gantries, catching people to exceed the speed limit which may be lower than what it should be

Answer 95

- HS2 - HS3 to link Manchester and Leeds

Answer 96

- B’Ham to London in 48 mins - Manchester to London in 1hr 9 mins - This links the Midlands to London and the north more easily

Answer 97

- B’Ham to London is 48 mins - Manchester to London is 1hr 9 mins - £40 billion to UK Economy - Increases number of rail passengers which lowers pollution and ensures the UK meets its emission targets, saving further money in the future

Answer 98

- County Councils e.g Oxfordshire don’t want the site to run through their counties - Purchasing of homes near/on the line e.g 200 new homes in Yorkshire - Only major cities are connected so people still need to drive or use slower trains to reach major stations

Answer 99

- Historic Links - Commonwealth - Economic/Geopolitical Links: The EU - Transport Connections - Trade Links - Communication Connections

Answer 100

- The Commonwealth contains 54 nations - Combined Population of 2.4 Billion

Answer 101

- Spreading of UK and other cultures creates more varied and interesting societies - Some issue with the eroding of local cultures caused by so much mixing of different cultures - Large numbers of commonwealth migrants mean cultural events (e.g. Notting hill carnival) occur in the UK - Food from former commonwealth nations is still common in the UK (E.g. Birmingham's Balti Triangle) - Religion (especially Hinduism and Sikhism) has shaped parts of the UK, including the construction of religious buildings

Answer 102

- Still economic connections via financial institutions which have offices in former commonwealth nations like HSBC - Brands based in commonwealth nations still invest in the UK (e.g. Indian firm Tata buying Jaguar Land Rover) - Easy to trade, especially services (e.g. call centres) due to many people still speaking English in former commonwealth nations - Have been issues at times when relationship between UK and former commonwealth nations have soured in getting necessary resources from them - Strong trade relationships exist especially for goods requiring a particular climate (e.g. Tea from India and fruit / veg from parts of Africa)

Answer 103

- EU Citizens were free to live, retire and work in any other EU country - This has led to an influx of migrants to fill gaps in the UK’s employment structure like the Polish in the care sector - We enjoyed free trade when trading with EU patterns which makes goods cheaper and easier to import/export - Many UK Citizens have migrated: E.g Spain 761,000 Ireland 291,000

Answer 104

- UK stopped following EU rules > new arrangements for travel, trade, immigration and security co-operation

Changing Economic World Flashcards

(129 cards)