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Geography > Changing Economic World: Nigeria > Flashcards

Changing Economic World: Nigeria Flashcards

1
Q

What does quality of life refer to?

A

The range of human needs that should be met alongside income growth

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2
Q

What does GNI stand for?

A

Gross National Income

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3
Q

What does GNI take into account?

A

value of goods and services and income from investments overseas

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4
Q

what are the 3 ways of classifying countries level of development?

A

HIC, NEE, LIC

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5
Q

what are 7 ways of measuring country development?

A

Life expectancy, birth rates, death rates, access to safe water, healthcare, literacy rates, infant mortality

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6
Q

what are some limitations of using GNI to measure development?

A

-informal sector may not be accounted for
-an average so anomalies may distort figures

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7
Q

what are some limitations of using birth rates to measure development?

A

birth control policies distort figures (eg China)

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8
Q

what are some limitations of using death rates to measure development?

A

many people in HIC’s may die from old age

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9
Q

what are some limitations of using infant mortality rate to measure development?

A

in LIC’s, deaths of newborns may not even be recorded

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10
Q

what are some limitations of using literacy rates to measure development

A

-difficult to measure in squatter settlements

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11
Q

what are some limitations of using water access to measure development?

A

some people may have access to clean water, but it is too expensive for them to use

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12
Q

What does the HDI take into account?

A

GNI, life expectancy, education

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13
Q

How would birth rate change as a country becomes more developed?

A

decrease
-access to contraception
-women are more educated

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14
Q

How would population change as a country becomes more developed?

A

increase, more people migrate in due to pull factors created
(natural decrease may occur)

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15
Q

How would death rate change as a country becomes more developed?

A

young deaths decrease, more elderly deaths

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16
Q

How would life expectancy change as a country becomes more developed?

A

increase as healthcare improves

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17
Q

what 3 factors cause uneven development?

A

history, physical, economic

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18
Q

what aspect of history led to uneven development?

A

colonisation

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19
Q

what are 2 aspects of physical landscape that lead to uneven development?

A

landlocked countries, extreme weather

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20
Q

what are 2 aspects of economy that lead to uneven development?

A

poverty and trade

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21
Q

what are the strategies for closing the development gap?

A

aid, microfinance loans, investment, industrial development, fair trade, debt relief

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22
Q

what are advantages of investment of TNC’s (reducing dev gap)?

A

a positive multiplier effect is created
national scale
long term

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23
Q

what are disadvantages of investment of TNC’s (reducing dev gap)?

A

-economic leakages
-workers paid unfairly

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23
Q

what are advantages of industrial development (reducing dev gap)?

A

countries can trade high value goods
jobs supplied

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24
Q

what are disadvantages of industrial development (reducing dev gap)?

A

high initial costs of work

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25
Q

what are advantages of aid for reducing the development gap?

A

helpful on a national scale

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26
Q

what is an example of using aid to close the development gap?

A

DRC gifted $73 million to build HEP

27
Q

what are disadvantages of aid for reducing the development gap?

A

-could be tied aid
-gov may use it inappropriately
-short term

28
Q

what is an advantage of fairtrade for reducing the development gap?

A

countries get given a better price for their product

29
Q

what is a disadvantage of fairtrade for reducing the development gap?

A

difficult to regulate

30
Q

what is an advantage of debt relief for reducing the development gap?

A

long term
can be used to improve economy

31
Q

what is a positive impact of tourism/ development in Tunisia?

A

-it is one of the fastest growing global economies
-improvements on literacy rates

32
Q

what is a negative impact of tourism/ development in Tunisia?

A

TUI keeps money from tourism
water consumption is high

33
Q

what is Tunisias monthly rainfall?

A

1.5 inches

34
Q

how many airports are there in Tunisia?

A

9

35
Q

what is Nigerias regional importance?

A

it has the largest population in Africa (218 million)

36
Q

what is Nigerias global importance?

A

Nollywood is the third largest film industry in the world

37
Q

how many ethnic groups are there in Nigeria?

A

300

38
Q

what religions dominate Nigeria?

A

Christianity and Islam

39
Q

how many times has Nigeria won the African Cup of Nations

A

3

40
Q

does Nigeria have a varied environment?

A

yes

41
Q

what happened in 2011 and 2015 in Nigeria?

A

political elections were declared fair and free

42
Q

how much of the worlds oil is supplied by Nigeria?

A

2.7%

43
Q

what are the fastest growing industries in Nigeria?

A

film, telecommunications, retail

44
Q

what proportion of Nigerias industry comes from manufacturing?

A

over half

45
Q

what has happened to the proportion of people working in agriculture in Nigeria?

A

it has halved

46
Q

what has grown under a stable government in Nigeria?

A

industrialisation

47
Q

what is an example of neo-colonialism in Nigeria?

A

Lekki Free Port

48
Q

How many jobs were created from the Lekki Free Trade Zone (attracts manufacturers)?

A

100,000

49
Q

what is our case study example of a TNC in a host country?

A

Shell in Nigeria

50
Q

what is an economic adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

shell pays taxes to the gov, 90% of staff are Nigerian

51
Q

what is an economic disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

TNC’s can withdraw investment without warning, leakage of profits

52
Q

what is a social adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

workers have new expertise, healthcare is provided

53
Q

what is a social disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

human rights abuse against Ogoni people, they are stripped of their land but remain poor

54
Q

what is an environmental adv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

they try to clean up messes, Shell Foundation helps biodiversity in local areas

55
Q

what is an environmental disadv. for Nigeria w/ Shell (TNC)?

A

Shell has spilt 500 million gallons of oil in the Nigerian Delta

56
Q

How is Nigeria important politically?

A

Nigeria plays a significant political role in the African Union

57
Q

what percentage of the population in Nigeria live on less than 63p per day? (reason for aid)

A

60%

58
Q

what short term aid did the UN give to Nigeria?

A

emergency food to 400,000 people in nothern Nigeria facing poverty

59
Q

what claims have been made about the Nigerian government using aid inappropriately?

A

the gov used aid to fund the navy

60
Q

what long term aid does the UK give to Nigeria?

A

£300 million every year, to use on healthcare and sanitation

61
Q

China tied aid to Nigeria?

A

China supplied arms to Nigeria, in return, Nigeria imports cheap Chinese goods

62
Q

how many illegal small scale industries does Nigeria have?

A

10,000, leading to env issues

63
Q

what are environmental impacts of industrial growth in Nigeria?

A

breathing problems from breathing in fumes, pollutants enter ecosystems

64
Q

what are environmental impacts of urban growth in Nigeria?

A

squatter settlements don’t have good access to waste disposal. traffic congestion

65
Q

what are environmental impacts of mineral extraction in Nigeria?

A

waters polluted with toxic metals, oil spills pollute and cause fires –> co2 released

66
Q

where did Nigeria’s HDI rank (economic dev on quality of life)?

A

161st

Geography (14 decks)

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