Changing Masculinities Flashcards
(12 cards)
Define Goldilocks mass
- many men today try to enact a masculinity that is neither hypermasculine nor too feminine
- Men need to express the appropriate amount and type of emotion for a given context
- there is not just a floor to acceptable desirable masc. but also a ceiling
Define caring Masc
“rejection of domination and their integration of values of care, such as positive emotional interdependence and relationality into masculine identities”
Define new masculinity
- Authenticity, self-realisation and self growth strive for balance across life sphere including between work, leisure and domestic life
- Holistic nurturing perspective of self and body as well as relationships with others and consider facets of self-awareness more important than holding on to established masculine norms and gendered restrictions
How does new masc relate to fatherhood?
- Higher agreement with new masculinity ideology is associated with more emotional engagement with children, but doesn’t necessarily translate into men doing day-to-day parenting tasks
- New fatherhood ideals reflect a greater emphasis on caregiving increased time spent with children, equitable partnerships and greater equality with housework and childcare
What are gender goals?
specific ideals that shape how a young man sees himself in relation to others and how he behaves, interacts and reacts
What is the result of individuals’ failure to attain desired gender goal?
may experience resistance or strain and seek out ways to mitigate that strain –> Eg. By conforming to peer pressure/ restraining and acting against it
How can performative pressures and expectations of sexuality be experienced differently across race, class, ethnicity, according to Ducksworth?
- Men of color + poor men: ideologies emphasising importance of sexual prowess to social status
- White, middle class boys: normative pressures to demonstrate sexual athleticism and heterosexual desire and financial & emotional independence
Who were alphas, outcasts, alphas in pursuit and closeted outcasts in Ducksworth’s study on gender goals?
- alphas: understood masc as solidly within the bounds of traditional hegemonic ideals of masc.
- Outcasts: viewed masculinity as forgoing some notions of hegemonic masc and including traditionally feminine qualities such as empathy, emotionality, and cooperation > hybrid masc
- Alphas in pursuit: wishing to attain hegemonic masc but believed they’re failing.
Upheld importance/power of hegemonic masc. - closeted outcasts: Aimed for alternative ideal of masc but felt pressure from family to conform to traditional masc. Aspire to achieve masc with elements of cooperation, care, gender equality but failed to reach it.
What were the 3 strategies employed by the boys in Duckworth’s study when pressured to engage in sexual activity?
- avoidance/deflection: No rejection of peer pressure but shift onto boy lower on the social hierarchy
- Tacit acceptance: implicitly normalized and adds to legitimacy of peer pressure
- Rejection: No explicit calling out/challenging of pressure to their friends; Framed reasoning around avoidance of risky behaviour to limit negative consequences on future successes
What is an example of changing masculinity?
older cohorts have more conservative ideas about masculinity on most dimensions than younger cohorts
What is the studied impact of gaming on perceptions of masculinity?
Amount of time spent playing games predicted beliefs that masc should entail aggression, toughness, dominance, and restrictive emotionality but not negativity towards sexual minorities, self-reliance, avoidance of femininity or importance of sex
What has changed in the depiction of masculine women in chinese media?
- Since 2005: increase in visibility of masculine women in mainstream Chinese media
- Depictions exist but they no longer have the same potential as they did back when they emerged –> now just about making money and does not create convos about gender/social change
