Changing Places

Question 1

What is place made up of?

Answer 1

• location
• locale
• sense of place

Question 2

What is location?

Answer 2

the physical point or coordinates where a place is on a map

Question 3

What is locale?

Answer 3

locations in a place that are associated with everyday activity e.g. school, they manage social interactions and behavioural traits

Question 4

What is sense of place?

Answer 4

subjective emotional attachment to a place

Question 5

What is placelessness?

Answer 5

a place that is not unique e.g. clone towns

Question 6

What is attachment?

Answer 6

a feeling of binding one subject to another, as you have more experiences with a place, you are more likely to have a greater attachment to it

Question 7

What is topophilia?

Answer 7

the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it

Question 8

What is topophobia?

Answer 8

the dislike of a place (however it may still mean a person has a strong attachment to it but it is negative)

Question 9

What is place?

Answer 9

the way an area is perceived depending on location, locale and sense of place

Question 10

What is a near place?

Answer 10

a place that is close to us, they are subjective

Question 11

What is a far place?

Answer 11

those that are distant

Question 12

What are experienced places?

Answer 12

places that have been visited by a person

Question 13

What are media places?

Answer 13

places that have not been visited by a person, but have been learned about through media representations, they can change the sense of place

Question 14

What is genius loci?

Answer 14

the “spirit” of a place

Question 15

What is place character?

Answer 15

the specific qualities / attributes or features of a location that make it unique

Question 16

What are endogenous factors?

Answer 16

internal factors

Question 17

Examples of endogenous factors:

Answer 17

• land use
• topography
• physical geography
• infrastructure
• demographic characteristics
• location
• economic characteristics

Question 18

What are exogenous factors?

Answer 18

external factors

Question 19

Examples of exogenous factors:

Answer 19

• people
• money and investment
• resources
• ideas

Question 20

What will happen over time to endogenous and exogenous factors?

Answer 20

over time, endogenous factors will be shaped by the changing flows of exogenous factors e.g. migration

Question 21

Who are insiders?

Answer 21

people who feel at home within a place or country

Question 22

Who are outsiders?

Answer 22

people who feel a distance from a place or country

Question 23

What is gentrification?

Answer 23

the transformation of a neighbourhood from a low to high quality / prices

Question 24

What is “The Other”?

Answer 24

people who are unfamiliar or different to the rest e.g. immigrants / migrants

Question 25

What is place meaning?

Answer 25

the sense of place and character that different people give to a place

Question 26

What is rebranding?

Answer 26

the process by which forces of change aim to adapt the place meaning of a location

Question 27

Who are forces of change?

Answer 27

- community groups - governments - councils - individuals - TNCs - national / international / global organisations

Question 28

How are places presented? (Examples)

Answer 28

- websites - posters - songs / videos - photographs - news articles - census data - graphs - measures e.g. life expectancy / IMD

Question 29

What is placemaking?

Answer 29

the process of developing & nurturing a relationship between people and their environment

Question 30

What is "top down" placemaking?

Answer 30

intergovernmental place - led governance

Question 31

What is "bottom up" placemaking?

Answer 31

community schemes

Question 32

What is a space?

Answer 32

a place as we get to know it

Question 33

What is localism?

Answer 33

affection for / emotional ownership of a particular place

Question 34

What is regionalism?

Answer 34

consciousness of, and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shares similarities

Question 35

What is nationalism?

Answer 35

loyalty and devotion to a nation which creates a sense of national consciousness

Question 36

What are clone towns?

Answer 36

towns that replicate another town, and takes over a city

Question 37

What are gated communities?

Answer 37

a place where groups can live an as normal as possible life without being judged or prejudice towards them

Question 38

Example of gated communities:

Answer 38

enclosed housing estates

Question 39

What is re-urbanisation?

Answer 39

when an area becomes increasingly built up as more people move there

Question 40

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 40

movements of people from urban areas into smaller villages

Question 41

What is rebranding?

Answer 41

when places are given a new identity, to make them more appealing to investors and people

Question 42

Example of rebranding:

Answer 42

"Welcome to Sheffield: The Outdoor City"

Question 43

What are examples of external forces driving changes in places?

Answer 43

- government policies - decisions of TNCs - impacts of International / Global Institutions

Question 44

Examples of government policies:

Answer 44

- One Child Policy (China) - lowering taxes & improved maternity leave to increase birth rate (France) - Controlling Immigration (Germany) - regeneration schemes (Hulme City Challenge Partnership in Manchester)

Question 45

What is a TNC?

Answer 45

a company that operates over many countries (Trans National Corporations), they have major impacts on demographics

Question 46

Example of a TNC impacting a place:

Answer 46

Car Manufacturing in Detroit (Ford / Chrysler / General Motors) - created jobs - younger people moved in - national & international migration - economic boost HOWEVER... - factories moved to Mexico for cheaper labour - mechanisation - population decline & increase in unemployment - increase in crime rates

Question 47

Examples of International / Global Institutions:

Answer 47

- World Food programme (food aid to millions in 2015 war in Yemen) - World Bank (Ningbo New Countryside Development Project from 2010 - 2016 in China)