changing urban enviroments

Question 1

urbanisation

Answer 1

the growth in the proportion of a countries population living in urban areas

Question 2

proportion of world living in urban environments

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

more urban living in rich or poor countries?

Answer 3

rich- 80% already live in urban environments in the UK

only 25% of people live in urban environments

Question 4

where is urbanisation most?

Answer 4

poorer countries

Question 5

poorer countries reasons for rural to urban migration

Answer 5

shortage of services in rural areas- promise of a better standard of living (not always the case)

more jobs- industry (secondary sector) in cities as there is larger workface and better infrastructure

Question 6

richer countries reason for rural to urban migration

Answer 6

in 18th-19th century- machinery took over labour in farm- moved to cities for jobs in new factories

people encouraged back to urban areas due to redevelopment of inner city

Question 7

another reason why urban areas populations increase

Answer 7

younger people move to work- have kids

better healthcare- people live longer

Question 8

problems for CBD business’

Answer 8

out of town shopping centres and business parks- cheaper rent and easier car access

Question 9

urban renewal schemes

Answer 9

encouraging the investment in improving the inner city areas housing, employment, services
government strategies in the 1990s
London docklands

Question 10

government strategies for housing

Answer 10

new town- Milton Keynes in 1970
urban renewal schemes
relocation initiatives

Question 11

relocation initiatives

Answer 11

encouraging people in large council houses to move to rural areas to make room for working families
London council encourage older people to move to the countryside or seaside- free moving and money paid

Question 12

improving CBDs

Answer 12

pedestrianizing areas for shoppers
improving access- better public transport and parking
converting warehouses & docks into SMART shops, restaurants and museums
improving public areas- parks and squares
London docklands

Question 13

more cars in city problems

Answer 13

more accidents
more congestion
more air pollution- building damage + health problems

Question 14

solutions to cars in cities

Answer 14

improving public transport
increase parking in city centres- more public transport (park and ride)
bus priority lanes
pedestrianisation

Question 15

why is their ethnic segregation?

Answer 15

live near people with same background, religion and language
live near services important for culture eg places of worship
same background normally means similar restrictions eg. money

Question 16

strategies for to support multicultural nature aims

Answer 16

not to mix people, but to provide services for all ethnicities and backgrounds

Question 17

strategies to help multicultural mix

Answer 17

access to information- leaflets and signs in all languages
making all voices herd- leaders from all parts of communities in decision making
providing interpreters at hospitals and police stations etc.
providing acceptable services for all cultures eg. female doctor only for Muslims

Question 18

business’ within shanty towns sector

Answer 18

informal sector

Question 19

self help schemes

Answer 19

government supplies building materials for people to built own homes
government saves money on labour- can be spent on sewers and electricity etc.

Question 20

site and service schemes

Answer 20

people pay a small amount of rent for a site
they can borrow money for building materials to improve or build house of their plot
rent money used to provide basic services for the area

Question 21

local authority schemes

Answer 21

improving the temporary accommodation built by residents

eg. in Rio- $120 million spent of favelas

Question 22

bullring date of re-building

Answer 22

2003

Question 23

bullring additions

Answer 23

Selfridges-architecture

140 major shops

Question 24

urbanisation on environment

Answer 24

waste disposable problems- sewage
air pollution- burning fuel, exhaust and factories
more water pollution - toxic chemical from industries

Question 25

why cant poorer countries deal with waste

Answer 25

less money- toxic waste disposal is expensive- more urgent needs eg. healthcare
infrastructure- no roads to reach squatter settlements
scale- a huge problem that cant be fixed easily

Question 26

water pollution unexpected effects

Answer 26

chemicals build up in food chain and can poison humans who eat it

Question 27

making a city sustainable

Answer 27

schemes to reduce waste
conserving green space- brownfield site (also makes it look nicer)
refurbish historic buildings
carbon- neutral homes(makes as much energy as it uses)
creating an efficient transport system

Question 28

people are more likely to support sustainable schemes if

Answer 28

they are involved in the decision making