CHAP 1 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
It is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information.
A
Information technology
2
Q
is generally an information
system, a communications system or, more specifically speaking, a
computer system – including all hardware, software and peripheral
equipment – operated by a limited group of user. information
A
Information technology
3
Q
It is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the
role of unified communications and the integration of
telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and
computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware,
storage, and audiovisual systems, that enable users to access, store,
transmit, and manipulate information
A
ICT
4
Q
also used to refer to the convergence of audiovisual and
telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or
link system.
A
ICT
5
Q
is an umbrella term that includes any communication device,
encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network
hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and
appliance with them such as video conferencing and distance learning.
A
ICT
6
Q
is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving. It covers any
product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive
information electronically in a digital form
A
ICT
7
Q
refers to the change in technology that is used for a
computer during a time period.
A
Computer generation
8
Q
This is also called all-purpose digital
computer. It can be used for any type of application.
A
General-purpose digital computer.
9
Q
These computers designed to solve
problems of a restricted type i.e. designed to be especially efficient in a
certain class of applications.
A
Special purpose digital computer.
10
Q
Computers that are in which
numerical magnitudes are represented by physical quantities,
such as electric current, voltage or resistance, mechanical
movements, pressure or temperature. _____ accept data and then process it to produce analog data.
A
Analog Computers
11
Q
Work with values that are in a discrete form (or data that
can be counted). They are used for business applications,
and also scientific operations, and are ideal when 100%
accuracy is desired, thus resulting to data that are exact in
values.
A
Digital Computers.
12
Q
This computer is the outcome of the integration of analog
computer components and digital components. This
integration is obtained by digital –to-analog converter and
analog –to-digital converter. These computers are usually used
in space vehicle simulation and training astronauts.
A
Hybrid Computers.
13
Q
• amount of data that can be stored in memory;
• speed of internal operation of the other computer;
• capacity of storage devices; and
• number and types of peripheral devices.
A
Capacity
14
Q
Small computers which are portable. Uses
microprocessor (the CPU on a chip), Read-Only
Memory (ROM) and a Random Access Memory
(RAM). It is sometimes known as a Single-Chip
Processor.
A
Microcomputers
15
Q
These are machines that are in the middle of
microcomputers and mainframes in terms of cost
and capability. ___ can handle a larger
amount of data than a microcomputer and can
perform most of the functions of a mainframe.
These acts as ‘servers’, which are connected to
several workstations or terminals.
A
Minicomputers
16
Q
The oldest category, air-cooled, bigger in
sizes, about the size of a jeep and a powerful
computer, often serving many connected terminals
and usually used by large complex organizations
like banks, airlines and insurance companies that
handles millions of transactions.
A
Mainframes.
17
Q
The biggest and fastest computers. They can
perform 50 million instructions per second and are
used in applications such as nuclear weapon
development and accurate weather forecasting.
These are the fastest calculating device ever
invented.
A
Supercomputers
18
Q
It is a collection of entities (hardware, software and humanware) that
are designed to receive, process, manage and present information in a
meaningful format.
A
COMPUTER SYSTEM
19
Q
It the information used for transfers’ raw data and control signals into
processing system by the user before processing and computation.
A
Input Unit.
20
Q
o accept data and set of instructions/command;
o convert the data in a form which the computer can accept;
and
o provide this converted data to the computer for further
processing.
A
Input Unit.
21
Q
the brain of the computer system. It
consists of three parts namely, the control unit; the arithmetic logic unit; and the
primary storage unit.
A
Central Processing Unit.
22
Q
Three parts of the CPU
A
Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit ,Primary Storage Unit
23
Q
It controls, manages and coordinates the operations of the
entire computer system.
A
Control Unit
24
Q
It executes the instructions and performs all the calculations
and decisions.
A
Arithmetic Logic Unit
25
- It is also called as main memory
- the data which is to be output from the computer system is
also temporarily stored
- it is the storage section that holds the computer programs
during execution
- it Stores temporary results of intermediate processing
Primary Storage Unit
26
It gives the results of the process and computations to the
outside world. The output units accept the results produced by the computer,
convert them into a human readable form and supply them to the users.
Output Unit.
27
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer hardware, computer software, humanware
28
It consists of internal and peripheral devices. All physical
parts of the computer or everything that we can touch.
Computer hardware
29
also known as programs or applications. It gives
“intelligence” to the computer. They are classified into two
classes namely - system software and application software
Computer software
30
it is the person who operates computer. The user commands
the computer system to execute on instructions.
Humanware
31
It consists of all the machinery and equipment in a computer system.
In general, computer hardware is categorized according to which of the five
computer operations it performs.
Hardware
32
It is any electronic devices connected to a computer that produce
input signals. It is also used to enter the data and instructions into the computer.
Input Devices.
33
Hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to
one or more users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a
computers work.
Output Devices.
34
It is any hardware device that is used for storing, porting and
extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information either temporarily
and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer.
Storage Devices.
35
Types of Computer Storage
1. Primary storage
2. Secondary storage
36
is the main memory in a computer. It stores
data and programs that can be accessed directly by the processor.
There are two types of primary storage which are RAM and ROM
Primary Storage
37
- which means the data and
program in RAM can be read and
written.
-stores data during and after
processing.
- also known as a
working memory.
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
38
-data or program in ___ can
only be read but cannot be written at all
-is another type of memory
permanently stored inside the computer.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
39
another alternative storage to save
your work and documents. This can be removable, internal, or external. It is very
useful to store programs and data for future use. It is non-volatile, which means
that it does not need power to maintain the information stored in it. It will store
the information until it is erased.
Secondary Storage
40
another alternative storage to save
your work and documents. This can be removable, internal, or external. It is very
useful to store programs and data for future use. It is non-volatile, which means
that it does not need power to maintain the information stored in it. It will store
the information until it is erased.
Secondary Storage
41
What are the Types of Secondary Storage ?
Magnetic Medium, Optical Medium, Flash Memory,
42
It is a non-volatile storage medium. It can be any type of
storage medium that utilizes magnetic patterns to represent information.
Examples of magnetic storage are magnetic disk such as a floppy disk, used
for off-line storage; hard disk, used for secondary storage and magnetic tape
such as video cassette; audio storage reel-to-reel tape.
Magnetic Medium
43
It is a non-volatile storage media, holds content in digital form that are written and read by laser. These media include various types of CDs
and DVDs.
Optical Medium.
44
It is a solid-state, non-volatile, rewritable memory that functions like RAM and a hard disk drive. Flash memory store bits of electronic data in memory cells just like DRAM (Dynamic RAM) but it also works like a hard disk drive that when the power is turned off, the data remains in the memory
Flash Memory
45
It refers to the number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold
CAPACITY
46
The _____ is a boxlike case that houses the computer’s main hardware components.
System Unit
47
What are the Parts of a System Unit?
•Motherboard/Mainboard
•Hard Disk Drive Storage (HDD)
•Optical Drive (CD/DVD).
•Memory/RAM
•Microprocessor/Central Processing Unit/CPU
•Computer Power Supply,
• Heat Sink/Fan.
•Network card.
•Sound Card
•Graphics Card
•Chipset
•Cooling Fan
•CMOS Battery.
•IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)Controller.
•SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)Controller. ,
48
____ is the main circuit board holding the integrated circuits for the microprocessor, memory, etc. _____ also
supports internal connectors for the hard disk drives &
optical drives (CD, DVD), etc, and external connectors
for the mouse, keyboard, printer, speakers, etc.
Motherboard/Mainboard.
49
____ It used as the main storage device for programs and data when the computer is not being used. Information is stored on the hard drive magnetically and the capacity of the device is usually measured in Megabytes, Gigabytes, or Terabytes, etc.
Hard Disk Drive Storage (HDD).
50
A ___ drive allows removable
optical discs to be used to store information.
Optical Drive (CD/DVD)
51
___ Memory is the processor’s working area
and is here all operations actually take place while the
computer is running.
Memory/RAM.
52
___ This is the ‘computer on a chip’ and is the device which
actually executes the instructions.
Microprocessor/Central Processing Unit/CPU.
53
What are the Components of the CPU?
Control unit.
Arithmetic-logic unit.
Registers
54
Coordinates and controls all parts of the computer
system.
Control unit
55
Performs arithmetic or logical operations
Arithmetic-logic unit
56
Temporarily store the most frequently used instructions
and data
Registers
57
This supplies the electricity to all the parts in the computer
Computer Power Supply.
58
This sits on top of the CPU and draws heat
up into the fins of the Heat Sink, and then the Fan pulls air up and through the fins cooling them. That is how the CPU is stays cool, otherwise it would over heat and shut down the computer.
Heat Sink/Fan.
59
Attach to the PCI (Peripheral component
interconnect ) slot used for a Broadband connection, like
cable or DSL.
Network card
60
It is a computer expansion card that
facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.
Sound Card
61
It is an expansion card whose function
is to generate and output images to a display
Graphics Card.
62
is a collection of chips that provide the
switching circuitry needed to move data throughout the
computer.
Chipset
63
___ is used for cooling purposes.
Cooling Fan
64
It provides CMOS with the power when
the computer is turned off all motherboards comes with a
battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one
of three ways: the obsolete external battery, the most
common onboard battery, and built-in battery. It provides CMOS with the power when
the computer is turned off all motherboards comes with a
battery. These batteries mount on the motherboard in one
of three ways: the obsolete external battery, the most
common onboard battery, and built-in battery.
CMOS Battery.
65
CMOS?
Complementary Metal Oxide Semi- Conductor
66
It is responsible for controlling the hard drive and CDROM.
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Controller.
67
Major upgrade of IDE controller, responsible for
controlling the hard drive and CDROM.
SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)
Controller.
68
It refers to the set of computer programs, procedures that describe the programs, how they are to be used. We can say that it is the collection of programs, which increase the capabilities of the hardware.
Computer Software
69
___ guides the computer at every step where to start and stop during a particular job. The process of software
development is called____
1.Software,
2. programming
70
It is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that the other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from
memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
71
➢ It is software that controls and monitors the running of applications
Operating System
72
➢ It provides a “platform” for software developers who have to design applications with the OS in mind.
Operating System
73
➢ It is responsible for the management and coordination of
activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer
Operating System
74
➢ It is an interface between computer and user.
Operating System
75
The part of the OS that manages the computer’s resources is known as the ___. manages the computer’s resources (CPU, memory and peripherals).
Kernel
76
In this type of OS, every user prepares his or her job
on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the
computer operator.
Batch Operating System
77
What are Types of Operating System?
Batch Operating System,
Multitasking/Time Sharing OP,
Mobile OS,
Multi-processing OP,
Real Time OS,
Distributed OS,
Network OS,
78
79
____ operating system enables people located at a
different terminal (shell) to use a single computer system at the same time.
Time-sharing operating system
80
It is also known as embedded operating system and it is totally depending upon the clock interrupts. A ______ time interval to process and respond to
inputs is very small. Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems
real time operating system
81
• It is used in many processors located in different machines to provide very fast computation to its users.
• It is a model where distributed applications are running on multiple computers linked by communication network.
Distributed Operating System
82
83
84
____ Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data, user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.
Network Operating System
85
Is are those OS which is especially that are designed to allows and power smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices to run applications and programs.
Mobile OS
86
87
What are Types of System Software?
Operating System’, Utilities Programs, Device Drivers
88
This are small, powerful programs with a limited capability, they are usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of the computer system.
Utilities Programs
89
Specialized programs that allow communication between a
device and the computer. Loaded into memory each time a
computer is started. When a new device is added, new ____ must be installed.
Device Drivers
90
It is a type of software that performs task to directly
benefit or assist the user. It is installed on top of an Operating System such as MS Windows.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
91
92
Use this kind of tool to create worksheets,
type letters, and type papers. The following examples are MS Word, WordPerfect, MS Works, and AppleWorks.
Word Processing software
93
Use this software to make signs,
banners, greeting cards, illustrative worksheets, newsletters, etc. The
following examples are Adobe PageMaker, MS Word, MS Publisher,
AppleWorks, MS Works, and Quark Express.
Desktop Publishing software
94
Use this kind of tool to compute number-
intensive problems such as budgeting, forecasting, etc. A
spreadsheet will plot nice graphs very easily. The following examples
are MS Excel, Quattro Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, MS Works, and AppleWorks.
Spreadsheet software
95
Use this software to store data such as address,
membership and other text information.
Database software
96
Use this software to create multimedia stacks
of cards/screens that can effectively present a lesson or a sales pitch.
The user often clicks on buttons to advance to the next screen in a
sequence.
Presentation software
97
This software allows one to surf the Web. Often they
can read email and create Web pages too.
Internet Browsers
98
These programs send and receive email.
Email programs
99
This software allows one to touch
up photographs and create graphics from scratch.
Graphics Programs (pixel-based)
100
This software creates graphics
that are similar to illustrations or cartoon drawings.
Graphics Programs (vector-based)
101
This software allows two computers with
modems to communicate through audio, video, and/or chat-based means.
Communications software
102
It allows information to be shared
between applications, e.g. a spreadsheet created in Excel can be
imported into Word.
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE).
103
It describes the customer experience of software and hardware. More
particularly, it has to do with the facilities of a computer system being
developed based on the interests and needs of a user.
Humanware
104
It is also called as the living ware. It refers to the users of the computer
system, either direct or indirect users.
Humanware
105
What are the Different types of humanware?
Computer Engineers, Software Engineers, Information Technology Specialists, Website Designer, Programmer
106
they are engage in software design and application to address
the needs of a particular industry or sector.
Computer Engineers.
107
they are primarily responsible for the design and development of
the software of the computers, as well as its testing and
evaluation.
Software Engineers
108
they tasked to plan and coordinate the installation, operation,
troubleshooting and maintenance of the computer’s software
and hardware systems.
Information Technology Specialists
109
they are engaged in the construction of the navigation schemes
of a website.
Website Designer
110
They are responsible for monitoring and controlling computer
systems especially mainframe computer systems in a company or
organization.
Computer Operator
111
They are the person who has the overall responsibility for the
successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring,
controlling and closure of a project.
Project Manager
112
They refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or
to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.
Programmer
113
USES OF COMPUTERS IN MODERN TIMES
Information Systems/Data Processing, Personal Computing, Science and Research, Education, Artificial Intelligence
114
refers to a category of computer use that
enables organization to utilize to the fullest the data they possess.
Information Systems/Data Processing
115
___ means the use of stand-alone
computers equipped with all the system, utility, and application software and I/O
devices that an individual needs to perform one or more tasks.
Personal Computing
116
Result of scientific endeavors would take a long time to realize if it were not for the use
of computers in this specialty area.
Science and Research
117
Although computers will never replace books and teachers, the can enhance
learning in a way no other medium can. Through its interactive capability, computers
have added a new dimension to the learning process.
Education
118
___ an area of computer research which aims to endow the
computer with certain forms of human intelligence such as the capability to
understand natural language or to reasons under uncertain condition.
Artificial Intelligence
119
refers to the use of computerized robots in the manufacturing sector.
Robotics
120
____ which are usually equipped with an arm and a hand, can be instructed to do repetitive tasks such as screwing on the bolts or painting cars.
Industrial robots
121
A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of
arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.
Computer System
122
____ are used as control systems for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices.
Computers
123
An ____ is essentially a piece of hardware that sends data to a computer.
input device
124
interacts with a computer through a process known as "point and click."
Mouse
125
is a common substitute for a computer mouse.
It is essentially a specialized surface that can detect the movement of a user's finger
and use that information to direct a pointer and control a computer.
Touchpad
126
__ an input device that uses optical technology to transfer images (or sometimes text) into
a computer, where the signal is converted into a digital image.
Scanner
127
An_____ is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a computer and then translates that data into another form. That form may be audio,
visual, textual, or hard copy such as a printed document.
output device
128
A consists of a screen, circuitry, a power supply, buttons to adjust
screen settings, and a casing that contains all of these components.
monitor
129
___ to create a copy of whatever is sent from the
computer to the printer.
Printer
130
is a radio-based navigation system that’s composed of a sender
computer and a receiver. The sender broadcasts signals to 24 satellites that ping to
the sender the exact location of the sender computer in the form of latitude and
longitude coordinates.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
131
___ usually enables a user to store large amounts of data in a relatively small physical space, and makes
sharing that information with others easy. The device may be capable of holding the data either temporarily or permanently.
Digital data storage
132
What are the Advantages of Installing a School Network?
*User access control.
* Connections
* Services
* Internet
* Computing resources.
*Flexible Access.
* Workgroup Computing.
133
What are the Disadvantages of Installing a School Network?
*Expensive to Install.
*Requires Administrative Time.
*Cables May Break.
*Security and compliance.
134
Modern networks almost always have one or more servers which allows centralized management for users and for network resources to which they have access. User
credentials on a privately-owned and operated network may be as simple as a user name and password, but with ever-increasing attention to computing security issues,
these servers are critical to ensuring that sensitive information is only available to authorized users.
User access control.
135
Administrators, instructors, and even students and guests can be connected using the
campus network.
Connections
136
The school can provide services, such as registration, school directories, course
schedules, access to research, and email accounts, and many others. (Remember,
network services are generally provided by servers).
Services
137
The school can provide network users with access to the internet, via an internet
gateway.
Internet
138
The school can provide access to special purpose computing devices which individual users would not normally own. For example, a school network might have high-speed high quality printers strategically located around a campus for instructor or student use.
Computing resources.
139
School networks allow students to access their information from connected devices throughout the school. Students can begin an assignment in their classroom, save part of it on a public access area of the network, then go to the media center after school to finish their work. Students can also work cooperatively through the network.
Flexible Access.
140
Collaborative software allows many users to work on a document or project concurrently. For example, educators located at various schools within a county could simultaneously contribute their ideas about new curriculum standards to the same document, spreadsheets, or website.
Workgroup Computing.
141
Large campus networks can carry hefty price tags. Cabling, network cards, routers, bridges, firewalls, wireless access points, and software can get expensive, and the installation would certainly require the services of technicians. But, with the ease of setup of home networks, a simple network with internet access can be setup for a small campus in an afternoon.
Expensive to Install.
142
Proper maintenance of a network requires considerable time and expertise. Many schools have installed a network, only to find that they did not budget for the necessary administrative support. Servers Fail.
Requires Administrative Time
143
The Topology chapter presents information about the various configurations of cables.
Some of the configurations are designed to minimize the inconvenience of a broken
cable; with other configurations, one broken cable can stop the entire network.
Cables May Break.
144
Network security is expensive. It is also very important. A school network would possibly
be subject to more stringent security requirements than a similarly-sized corporate
network, because of its likelihood of storing personal and confidential information of
network users, the danger of which can be compounded if any network users are
minors.
Security and compliance.
145
