chap 1, 2, & 3 test

Question 1

What is the scientific method?

Answer 1

important steps used to investigate the universe without making false assumptions

Question 2

What are the four steps used in the scientific method?

Answer 2

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion

Question 3

use your 5 senses to observe

Answer 3

observation

Question 4

an educated guess

Answer 4

hypothesis

Question 5

tests the hypothesis

Answer 5

experiment

Question 6

supports the hypothesis or refute the hypothesis

Answer 6

conclusion

Question 7

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific principle or law?

Answer 7

A scientific principle is the highest you can go. Once you get a scientific principle you can not test it anymore.

Question 8

What four things does all good experimental design have in common?

Answer 8

independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group, control group

Question 9

How does the independent variable differ from the dependent variable?

Answer 9

the independent variable is what we test and the dependent variable is what we measure

Question 10

how does the experimental group differ from the control group?

Answer 10

the experimental group is exposed to the IV and the control group is not exposed to the IV

Question 11

Why should only one independent variable be tested at a time?

Answer 11

so you know what is changing the experimental group

Question 12

What is matter?

Answer 12

Matter is anything that has mass

Question 13

Everything in the universe is made up of matter and what else?

Answer 13

energy

Question 14

What is matter made up of?

Answer 14

all the naturally occurring elements

Question 15

What 6 elements are found in all living organisms?

Answer 15

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfer

Question 16

What is the smallest part of an element?

Answer 16

an atom

Question 17

What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom and what are their charges?

Answer 17

protons- positive
electron- negative
neutron- neutral

Question 18

If you know the number of protons an atom has, can you determine the number of neutrons it has? How?

Answer 18

you subtract the bottom from the top

Question 19

Do atoms always have the same number of neutrons?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What is an isotope? Why are they significant?

Answer 20

atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons; they are radioactive

Question 21

Why do electrons orbit around the nucleus?

Answer 21

they are attracted to it

Question 22

What is the Octet Rule?

Answer 22

atoms want the max number of atoms in their outermost shell

Question 23

How is the Periodic Table of the Elements organized?

Answer 23

Vertical columns indicate the number of electrons are in an element. You can se the amount of electrons in shells

Question 24

What is a molecule?

Answer 24

combinations of atoms from the same element or two different ones

Question 25

What causes chemical bonds between atoms?

Answer 25

energy

Question 26

What are the two types of chemical bonds?

Answer 26

Ionic and covalent

Question 27

How do they differ?

Answer 27

Ionic happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, while covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons

Question 28

Why are hydrogen bonds important to water?

Answer 28

It gives water the unique chemical properties to turn it into gas, solid, or liquid

Question 29

Name the five unique properties of water made possible because of hydrogen bonds holding water molecules together.

Answer 29

It resists temperature changes, it's the universal solvent, frozen water is less dense than liquid water, water exhibits cohesion and adhesion properties, water has a high surface tension

Question 30

What are organic compounds?

Answer 30

compounds that always have carbon and hydrogen, covalent bonding, usually very large, and associated with living systems

Question 31

What are four characteristics of organic compounds?

Answer 31

Always have atoms of Carbon and Hydrogen, always have covalent bonds, are often very large, with many atoms, and usually associated with living systems

Question 32

How are hydrogen skeletons similar? Different?

Answer 32

They are made by bonding to other carbons and hydrogen. They can be linked through chains or rings

Question 33

What are four examples of biological functional groups?

Answer 33

Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, amino, and sulfhydryl

Question 34

What are isomers?

Answer 34

organic compounds that have identical molecular formulas but different structural formulas

Question 35

What are the four macromolecules found in all living things?

Answer 35

Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 36

differentiate between monomers and polymers.

Answer 36

Monomers are units by themself (1)