Chap 10 Flashcards
(60 cards)
Negative effects of Artificial ventilation
- Decrease cardiac output/ dropping blood pressure
- The heart uses the negative pressure the assist in the filling of the chambers with blood. With positive pressure it goes away and the heart can compensate but at risk of blood pressure drop. You can minimize this by using just enough volume to raise the chest
- Gastric distention
- Hyperventilation
Mechanical failures of the Cardiopulmonary system
Mechanics of breathing disrupted
- Stabbed in chest- Tension pneumothorax - Loss of nervous control of respiration- Myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis - Painful chest wall injuries- Pain or damage that limits chest wall movement - Airway problems such as bronchoconstriction- Asthma or COPD
Gas exchange interrupted
- Low oxygen levels in the outside air - Diffusion problems- COPD
Circulation issues
- Not enough blood- Blood loss - Hemoglobin problems- Anemia
How is intubation checked if tube is correctly placed?
- Auscultation of both lungs and epigastrium expanding
- Using a capnometry or an end-tidal CO2 detector device
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)
Assists the ventilations of a breathing patient by assuring that each breath the patient takes maintains adequate pressure within the respiratory tract, improving alveolar ventilation and gas exchange
- CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)
- BiPAP (biphasic continuous positive pressure)
Nonrebreather mask stats
12-15 liters per minute
80-90%
Two types of advanced airway devices
- Devices that require direct visualization of the glottic opening (endotracheal intubation)
- Laryngoscope is used to visualize the airway
- Blind insertions need head in neutral position
- Devices that are inserted blindly
- King LT airway, Combitube, and laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
- Head in sniffing position
Artificial ventilation(positive pressure ventilation)
Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing
Major causes of hypoxia
- Trapped in a fire
- Air contains smoke and reduced amounts of oxygen
- Has emphysema
- Decreases efficiency of the transfer of oxygen
- Overdose and depressing effect on respiratory system
- Not breathing enough to support oxygen needs
- Heart attack
- Oxygenated blood can’t be delivered to body due to damaged heart cannot pump the blood
if expirations are prolonged
indicating possible lower airway obstruction
Multiple sclerosis
Demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate
Pressure regulators bring the cylinder pressure down to what PSI range?
30-70 PSI
Alveolar ventilation
how much air actually make it to the alveoli
E cylinder contains
625 liters
Signs of inadequate breathing
- Chest movements are absent, minimal, or uneven
- Abdominal breathing
- No air felt or heard at the nose or mouth
- Breath sounds are diminished or absent
- Noises
- Rate of breathing is too rapid or slow
- Breathing is very shallow, deep or appears labored
- Cyanosis
- Inspirations/ expirations are prolonged
- Unable to speak or cannot speak full sentences
- retractions
- Nasal flaring especially in infants and children
- Low oxygen saturation (<95%)
Average ventilation a sec
- Adults
- Children
Adults- 5 secs
Children- 3 secs
If patient is breathing to slow and requires ventilation?
if rate is very slow?
- Bag patient on every inhale
2. Add ventilations in between the patients own to obtain a rate of 10-12 adult (20 for children and infants)
Automatic transport ventilator
device that provides positive pressure ventilation
- adjusts for ventilation rate and volume
humidifier
a device connected to the flow meter to add moisture to the dry oxygen. Can dry out mucous membrane
Inhalation is a _____process
Active
Gastric distention
- Filling of the stomach with air through the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation
- Side effects-vomiting, restriction of the movement of the diaphragm
What do you do with artificial ventilation if respirations are slow or fast?
Bag on patients inhales and then slowly adjust to normal breathing rates
Two diseases of bronchoconstriction?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Asthma
Color of oxygen cylinders
Green or White
M cylinder contains
3000 liters
