chap 11: geographies of globalization Flashcards
whats globalization?
A complex combination of economic, political and cultural changes that have long been evident but that have accelerated markedly since approx. 1980 bringing about a seemingly ever-increasing interconnectedness of people and places
what are the dominant economic sectors?
- primary (extractive –resource based)
- secondary (manufacturing= process of transforming raw materials or components into finished goods)
- tertiary (services)
- quaternary (professional services: services that require specialized knowledge, expertise, and skills.)
development increases as you have greater …. of jobs
variety / diversity
-“Underdevelopment” (poverty) can be solved through _____ of an economy
gr8ter diversification
what about the NIDL (new international division of labour)?
-core: mostly tertiary / quaternary (services)
-semi-periphery: mostly secondary manufacturing
-periphery: mostly primary production
whats the first law of geography?
Near things are more related than distant things
whats the principle of least effort?
Individuals seek to minimize effort in their interactions/ the most effective is least distance, so the least effort
Location decisions minimize the effort required to overcome the ___________ ?
friction of distance
Distance can be defined by ?
-time (mins pr un car tide par ex)
-cost (si c plus loin il faut payer plus)
-social status ()
-physical effort (ya allah c loin)
-energy (plus de benzin)
The drive to overcome the friction of distance is one way to understand …..
globalization
the tendency for distance to shrink over the past few centuries is??
time-space convergence
whats a cross-modal technology?
containerization
what are different systems of transportations?
-water
-railway
-road
-air
-containerization
Give me examples of time-space convergence, in another way, how to overcome distance?
-Transportation and communication technologies
-Transnational Corporations
-International Trade
The rise of social media:
-New way to overcome distance, interactive
-Use by individuals, groups,
businesses, government
-used for grassroots
planning, activism
-Manipulated for corporate and political control
-Highly concentrated in ownership
-Profit motive fosters control of information feeds
-Capitalizes on human behaviour patterns
most of Transnational
Corporations (TNCs) are located where? and expanding where?
-in MDCs
-LDCs
Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are able to engage in?
-large companies that operate in multiple countries
foreign direct investment to help other countries
what are the roles of TNCs? (Transnational Corporations)
- command and control economy
-TNC control from developed countries - Production in developing countries
- Benefit from an international division of labour (IDL)
international trading is helped by what?
innovations in transport and communication and transnational corporation
trade can take place if what?
the difference between the cost of production in one area and the market price in another will at least cover the cost of overcoming distance (when the profit from selling a product in a different location, considering the higher market price there, is enough to cover the costs of producing and transporting the goods.)
what are the factors affecting trade?
-distance
- resource base
- labour force size and quality
-available capital
while talking about the imbalances of world trade, developing countries often produce …. of …..
narrow range ; lower value goods (only a small variety of less expensive products.)
Developing countries often export goods to the
developed countries below/ above their value. why?
below; often inclined/coerced to specialize in a small number of
primary products or even a single staple product
Developed countries often export goods to
developing countries below/ above their value, why?
above; more inclined towards the production of manufactured
goods, or more recently information technologies
