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geog > chap 2: population and health geog > Flashcards

chap 2: population and health geog Flashcards

1
Q

demography:

A

-Population size and composition
-Processes influencing population composition
-Links between populations larger human environments

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2
Q

when did population studies appear?

A

19th century

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3
Q

When was peak child

A

early 2000’s (20th century)

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4
Q

when did the popu hit
1 bill
1.6 bill
2.6 bill
6 bill
7 bill

A

1800 - 1 Bill. (1804)
– 1900 – 1.6 Bill.
– 1950 – 2.6 Bill
– Oct. 1999 – 6 Bill.
– Oct. 2011 - 7 Bill.

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5
Q

when did the pop boom?

A

between 1950- 2017

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6
Q

2 revolution

A
  • agricultural
  • industrial
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7
Q

most future growth will occur?

A

In the developing world

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8
Q

western diet = ? bill
indian/ asian = ? bill

A

1.5
15

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9
Q

growth is slowing.. but

A

form a high base number

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10
Q

population projection will arrive to ?

A

2050
Dependent on consistent TFR and CDR trends

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11
Q

pessimists

A

limits to growth theory: natural limits can be reached

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12
Q

optimists

A

cornucopian/ economic theory: technology will increase limits

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13
Q

which is more variable? total fertility rate or crude death rate

A

total fertility rate is more variable than crude death rate

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14
Q

explain population growth with 3 theories

A

-Malthusian Theory
-The demographic transition model the epidemiological transition
-Migration

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15
Q

Malthusian and Neo-
Malthusian Theory

A

limits to growth (1798)
population grows arithmetically
population> food supply

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16
Q

demographic transition: 4 stages

A

stage 1: pre-modern: birth/ death rate HIGH
stage 2: urbanizing and industrializing: high birth rate, declining death rate
stage 3: mature industrial: declining birth rate, low death rate
stage 4: post- industrial: low birth rate, low death rate

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17
Q

shift in prevalence of types of disease=

A

demographic transition

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18
Q

5 stages of epidemiological transition

A
  1. age of pestilence and famine
  2. age of receding (withdrawal) pandemics
  3. age of deggenerative disease
  4. age of delayed deggenerative disease
  5. death rate higher than birth rate so population declines
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19
Q

migration

A

Long-term relocation of an
individual or group
facilitated population increase

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20
Q

reasons why ppl migrate

A

-push pull logic
-moorings

21
Q

factors affecting migration

A

age
marital status
gender
occupation
education

22
Q

types of migration

A

primitive
forced and impelled
free migration
mass migration
illegal migration

23
Q

Factors affecting population distribution

A

-physical: temperature, water, relief, soil quality
-cultural: continuity of ancient

24
Q

3 areas of historic concentration

A
  • South-central Asia: key rivers and coasts
  • East asia: toward east coast and along rivers, disperses to west
  • Europe: west and along
    rivers, relatively more urban
25
Q

growth of population where?

A

Africa, South Asia

26
Q

declining growth where?

A

more developed regions

27
Q

when was peak child? in the demographic transition

A

end of stage 2/ between stage 2 and 3

28
Q

census data

A

information collected during a census, which is a systematic and comprehensive survey conducted to gather data about a particular population.

29
Q

CBR

A

Total live births in a given period
for every 1,000 people already living

30
Q

TFR

A

Average number of children a
woman will have, assuming she has children at the
prevailing age-specific rates as she passes through the
fecund years

31
Q

replacement level

A

2.1 and 2.5 = fertility rate needed for a population to maintain its size over time= remain stable over time—neither increasing nor decreasing.

32
Q

factors affecting fertility

A

-biological = Age, nutritional well-being, diet
-economic = Cost–benefit decision
/ Affected by economic structure and social needs
-cultural= Marriage age and rates, changing correlation to birth/ Contraceptive use/ Views on abortion

33
Q

More developed countries

A

industrialization correlated to fertility rate

34
Q

less industrial countries

A

fertility decline more correlated to education at woman and the equality between men and woman

35
Q

education=

A

contraseptive

36
Q

literacy goes up

A

fertility goes down

37
Q

CDR

A

Total deaths in a given
period for every 1,000 people

38
Q

infant mortality rate (IMR)

A

-Better indicator of social well-being
-the ratio of deaths of infants aged 1year or less per 1 000 live births
-shows the level of healthcare
-positive correlation with fertility

39
Q

life expectancy

A

-Not a mortality measure; good indicator of well-being
-Anticipated average number of years lived

40
Q

CBR and CDR can be 0?

A

CDR cant be 0
CBR can be 0

41
Q

life expentancy are sensitive to factors of:

A

food availability
nutrition quality
sanitation quality
health care availability
disease
conflict

42
Q

rate of natural increase=

A

CBR - CDR

43
Q

in 2017, the wold RNI was?

A

-12 per 1000 yaane 1.2%
-is declining but still positive

44
Q

World population is
increasing, but at a
_________ rate

A

decreasing

45
Q

demographic/ population momentum

A

-the continued overall growth in a population due to the preponderance (grand nb) at young ppl
-Explains how a population may still grow even after the fertility rate has reached, or even fallen below, the replacement rate
- ex: Brazil

46
Q

pyramid types:

A

-declining shape (bulge in the middle) = core countries= denmark
-stabilizing pattern (vertical sides)= semi-periphery= mexico
-rapid growth (triangular shape)= peripheral countries= gambia

47
Q

when does seniors out number young ppl (15 ) in canada?

A

in 2016

48
Q

canadas aging population’s concerns

A

-rising health care costs
-decreasing elderly support ratios (ESR): the nb of workers (15- 64) to each elderly person (> 65)
in 2019, ESR = 9
in 2050, ESR = 4
-increase in poverty for seniors
-decreased gov revenues
-increased taxation
-increased pension contributions for younger generations
-sandwich generation increased need for compassionate leave

49
Q

canada’s response for population aging

A
  • reduce taxes on younger ppl to keep them in canada
    -allow/ force ppl to work longer, provide legal protection calling forcible retirement
    -allowing the deferral of old age security and increase RRSP (Registered Retirement Savings Plan)
  • spend more money on illness prevention
  • ensure financial viability of healthcare system

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