Chap 12- Human Genetics

Question 1

What is the process used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism?

Answer 1

Cloning

Question 2

What is a grid used to visualize the probable genetic crosses?

Answer 2

Punnett Square

Question 3

What is the physical appearance of an organism?

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

What human disorder is controlled by a dominant allele that results in extra fingers and toes?

Answer 4

Polydactyly

Question 5

What is the method of determining how often a trait appears in a small randomly selected group and projecting those results on the population as a whole?

Answer 5

Population Sampling

Question 6

What is the scientific study of heredity?

Answer 6

Genetics

Question 7

What is the gene combination an organism contains?

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

What occurs when the homologous chromosomes don’t pull apart during anaphase II?

Answer 8

Nondisjunction

Question 9

What are the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans?

Answer 9

Sex chromosomes

Question 10

What are different gene forms called?

Answer 10

Alleles

Question 11

A human with the genotype XX is what?

Answer 11

a female.

Question 12

The phenotypic ratio of a cross between a heterozygous brown-eyed individual and a recessive blue-eyed individual is what?

Answer 12

1:1.

Question 13

What is the probability that a color blind boy would be born to a color blind male and a female who is a carrier for color blindness?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

Who first described the principles of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment?

Answer 14

Gregor Mendel.

Question 15

The results of crossing a red flowered Japanese four o’clock plant with a white flowered Japanese four o’clock are all pink offspring. This demonstrates what principle?

Answer 15

incomplete dominance.

Question 16

A trait that is carried on the X chromosome and has no allele on the Y chromosome is considered what?

Answer 16

normal sex-linked inheritance.

Question 17

A heterozygous individual would have which genotype?

Answer 17

Hh.

Question 18

Which of the following is a sex-linked trait in humans?

Answer 18

color vision.

Question 19

What are autosomes?

Answer 19

all the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.

Question 20

What is the probability of a child having an even hairline if a woman heterozygous for widow’s peak has a child with a man who is homozygous recessive for widow’s peak?

Answer 20

50%

Question 21

An individual with the genotype BBTt could produce which of the following gametes?

Answer 21

BT and Bt only.

Question 22

In holly trees, how many of the new holly trees from a cross of red fruit (R) and spiny leaves (L) would be expected to have white fruit and smooth leaves?

Answer 22

1 out of 16.

Question 23

The phenotype of a heterozygous brown rabbit is what?

Answer 23

brown.

Question 24

What is the type of diagram that shows genetic information?

Answer 24

a karyotype.

Question 25

Name and explain one of the special techniques used to study human heredity.

Answer 25

There are four techniques: Pedigree Analysis - A chart showing family relationships and how traits are passed across generations. Karyotyping - Examining chromosomes under a microscope to detect abnormalities like Down syndrome. Genetic Testing - Identifying specific genes to detect carriers of genetic diseases. Population Sampling - Studying a small group to infer genetic trends in a larger population.