Chapter 8 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are light-dependent reactions?
A cellular process that splits water molecules to release oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
What is ATP?
The molecule that cells use to store and transfer energy.
What is an autotroph?
Organisms that produce their own food using light energy, like plants.
What are mitochondria?
Organelles that produce ATP through aerobic respiration.
What is chlorophyll?
The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is glycolysis?
The process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
What is the Kreb’s cycle?
The series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
What are light-independent reactions?
The cycle that uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose.
What is the primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
To generate oxygen and convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm.
Which of the following is a product of aerobic respiration?
Oxygen.
What is the final product of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Which molecule is used to store and transfer energy in cells?
ATP.
Which of the following is a characteristic of an exothermic reaction?
Energy is released to the surroundings.
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm, ATP.
What occurs during aerobic respiration?
Glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce large amounts of ATP in the mitochondria.
What happens when oxygen is not available?
Cells may undergo lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation to continue producing small amounts of ATP.
What is the importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll is crucial in photosynthesis because it absorbs light energy from the sun, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, and uses this energy to power the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Compare and contrast photosynthesis and aerobic respiration in terms of energy transformation.
Photosynthesis captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while aerobic respiration releases the energy stored in glucose by breaking it down into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
