chap 14 culture Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
what kind of consumption involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe
A
Sacred consumption
2
Q
what is Profane consumption
A
involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special
3
Q
cooptation is a _____ process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
A
cultural
4
Q
an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween
A
antifestival
5
Q
what is an art product?
A
an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us
6
Q
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are _____ by members of mainstream culture
A
modified
7
Q
the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers
A
cultural selection
8
Q
a ____ is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
A
myth
9
Q
what are the 3 stages of a rite of passage?
A
- separation- detaches from original group or status
- liminality- in limbo between statuses
- aggregation - returns to society with new status
10
Q
a myth is a ____ with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
A
story
11
Q
in gift giving what norm obligates people to return the gesture of a gift with one of equal value?
A
reciprocity
12
Q
a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
A
cooptation
13
Q
T/F Culture is the accumulation of shared meanings, rituals, norms, and traditions
A
T
14
Q
what are the 5 attributes a innovation needs to be sucessful?
A
- compatibility- with consumer lifestyle
- trialability- can experiment with it
- complexity- has to be low
- observability- see it around
- relative advantage- over other alternatives
15
Q
what perspective focuses on commonalities across cultures
A
etic
16
Q
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a _____or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
A
product
17
Q
what is cooptation?
A
a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
18
Q
consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself
A
conditioned superstition
19
Q
what are the 6 dimensions in Hofsted dimension of national culture?
A
- power distance- accept and expect power distributed unequally
- individualism- degree integrated into groups
- masculinity- distribution of roles between genders
- uncertainty avoidance- tolerance for uncertainty
- long term orientation- long thrift and perseverance, short is tradition social obligation, protect face
- indulgence vs restraint- extent societly allows free gratifaction of basic and natural human drivers
20
Q
what is cultural selection?
A
the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers
21
Q
a cultural formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar___ and ___occur consistently
A
roles props
22
Q
what kind of consumption involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special
A
Profane consumption
23
Q
- separation- detaches from original group or status 2. liminality- in limbo between statuses 3. aggregation - returns to society with new status these are the stages of what?
A
rite of passage
24
Q
when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right
A
contamination
25
a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture's \_\_\_\_
ideals
26
what perspective stresses variations across cultures
emic
27
rituals are ?
sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically.
28
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original _____ of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
meanings
29
a cultural formula is a sequence of media ____ in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
events
30
a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the ____ in which we should use them, and who uses them
sequence
31
locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced ____ and \_\_\_\_
meat vegetables
32
what is a discontinoius innovation?
created really big changes in the way we live
33
what is Sacred consumption?
involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe
34
a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function
craft product
35
the way people maintian orderly social life is what area of a cultural system?
social structure
36
a ____ script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
ritual
37
what is a craft product?
a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function
38
what is contamination
when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right
39
\_\_\_\_\_ is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
cooptation
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
locavore
41
what is a grooming ritual?
ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self
42
a cultural _____ is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
formula
43
ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self
grooming ritual
44
what is a continuous innovation?
the modification of an existing product .
45
rice for weddings , candles for birthdays, diplomas, wedding cakes, etc are examples of?
ritual artifacts
46
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of _____ culture
mainstream
47
what are the two types of events in the gestation phase of gift giving?
1. structural - prescribed like Xmas 2. emergent- decision is personal
48
what is sacralization?
occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning ex. superbowl, elvis presely
49
what is the gestation stage of gift giving
giver procures item to mark some event
50
an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us
art product
51
when does an item become sacralized in collections?
when it enters a collection and takes on special significance to the collector that outsider may find hard to comprehend
52
what is a meme?
an idea or product that enters the conscioiusness of people over time
53
what is a rite of passage?
rituals we performs to mark a change in social status
54
what is the emic perspective
stresses variations across cultures
55
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a ______ are modified by members of mainstream culture
subculture
56
what is the presentation stage of gift giving
the process of the gift exchange
57
T/F culture isn't the lens through which people view products
F
58
what is a locavore?
a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
59
what is a cultural formula?
a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
60
locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of _____ produced meat and vegetables
locally
61
what is the etic perspective?
focuses on commonalities across cultures
62
what is fashion?
the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style
63
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other \_\_\_\_\_associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
symbol
64
grooming, gift giving, holidays, and rites of passage are common what?
rituals
65
what 2 binary oppositions are expressed with grooming rituals?
private/public work/leisure
66
what is the prestige exclusivity effect?
high prices create high demand
67
a myth is a story with ____ elements that represents a culture's ideals
symbolic
68
what is a fortress brand?
a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace
69
in the presentation stage of gift giving, the recipient ____ to the gift and the donor ____ the response
responds evaluates
70
a ritual script is a script that identifes the ____ we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
artifacts
71
what do we do in a gift giving ritual
procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it
72
a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and ___ uses them
who
73
what is an example of binary opposition
good vs evil
74
a cultural formula is a ____ of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
sequence
75
Products can reflect underlying cultural processes of a particular period. what are 3 examples of this?
1. tv dinners cosmetics made of natural materials pastel carrying cases for condoms
76
what is a myth?
a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture's ideals
77
occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination
objectification
78
the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their enviroment and social groups is what area of a cultural system?
ideology
79
what is the snob effect?
lower prices reduce demand
80
a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently is called what?
a cultural formula
81
an idea or product that enters the consciousness of people over time
meme
82
A culture is a society's what?
personality
83
Many of our consumption activities- including holiday observances, grooming, and gift-giving- relate to what?
rituals
84
what is desacralization?
when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). ex. XMAS now materialistic occosicon
85
the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat is what area of a cultural system?
ecology
86
locavore is a \_\_\_\_that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
lifestyle
87
sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically are called?
rituals
88
what does the functional area of ecology in a cultural system refer to ?
the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat ex. japanese like products that are space efficient since their cities are cramped
89
what is a cultural production system?
the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product
90
a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
locavore
91
what is an antifestival?
an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween
92
T/F Global consumer culture – unites consumers around the world by their common devotion to brand-name consumer goods, movie stars, celebrities, and leisure activities.
T
93
what is Objectification
occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination
94
a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a ____ ideals
culture's
95
a cultural formula is a sequence of ____ events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
media
96
what is conditioned superstition?
consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself
97
occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning
sacralization
98
A cultural system consists of what 3 functional areas?
1. ecology- way cultural system adaps to its habitat
2. social structure- way people maintian orderly social life
3. ideology- mental characterisics of a people and how they relate to their environment and social groups
99
lower prices reduce demand is what effect
snob
100
what is a dynamically continuous innovation?
a significant change to an existing product
101
when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). this is called
desacralization
102
what are the 3 stages of the gift giving ritual
1. gestation- giver procures item to maker some event 2. presentation- the process of the gift exchange 3. reformulation- the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship
103
the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style
fashion
104
a myths outcome serves a ____ guide for listeners
moral
105
what does the functional area of social structure in a cultural system refer to ?
the way people maintian orderly social life ex. nuclear family vs extended and democracy vs dictatorshipe
106
what is a ritual script?
scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
107
a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture's ideals
myth
108
the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population
diffusion of innovations
109
rituals we performs to mark a change in social status
rite of passage
110
what is diffusion of innovations?
the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population
111
what does the functional area of ideology in a cultural system refer to ?
the mental charateristics of a peole and the way they relate to their environment and social groups ex. share worldview about ideas like order and fairness and moral principals
112
what is the reformulation stage of gift giving
the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship
113
a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace
fortress brand
114
a ____ formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
cultural
115
procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it are part of what ritual
gift giving
116
high prices create high demand is what effect?
prestige exclusivity
117
the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product
cultural production system
118
scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them are called?
ritual scripts
