Chapter 11 groups and social media Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
what is a reference group?
A
an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
2
Q
what is an example of environmental cues in regards to conformity?
A
when people are warm more likely to conform ex. at racetrack on warmer days, more likely to bet on “favorite horse”
3
Q
what is the gyges effect?
A
deindividuation online. says things you would never say in person
4
Q
an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior is what kind of group?
A
reference
5
Q
Other people and groups, especially those who possess some kind of _____ power, influence our decisions
A
social
6
Q
what are the 2 types of reference groups?
A
membership and aspirational
7
Q
social power is the capacity to alter the actions of ___
A
others
8
Q
being an expert in a limited field
A
monomorphic
9
Q
what is an example of fear of deviance in regards to conformity?
A
have reason to believe group will apply sanctions so ex. teens shun a peer who is different
10
Q
a perspective that argues each of us has several selves that relate to groups.
A
social identity theory
11
Q
what is polymorphic?
A
being an expert in several fields
12
Q
what is deindividuation?
A
process where individual identities become submerged within a group allowing them to do things they wouldn’t normally do (in costume for instance)
13
Q
traces communication patterns amoung members of a group and can find nodes (people connecting alot of others). what method is this
A
sociometric
14
Q
what is conformity?
A
a change in beliefs or actions as a reaction to real or imagined group pressure
15
Q
in serial reproduction, distortions follow a pattern, they change from ambiguous forms to more conventional ones a subjects try to make them consistent with their _____ schemas
A
preexisting
16
Q
T/F Without norms there would be chaos
A
T
17
Q
what type of opinion leader is into shopping and aware of what’s happening in the marketplace and have overall knowledge of how and where to get products
A
market maven
18
Q
what is a market maven?
A
a person who likes to transmit marketplace info of all types
19
Q
in serial reproduction, what is is called when people omit details to simplify the structure?
A
leveling
20
Q
what is a norm?
A
an informal rule that governs behavior
21
Q
being an expert in several fields
A
polymorphic
22
Q
why is the self designating method to finding opinion leaders convenient?
A
it’s Easy to apply to large group of potential opinion leaders
23
Q
a reference group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly ____ an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
A
influences
24
Q
what are the2 methods to finding opinion leaders?
A
- self designating method 2. key informant method
25
a reference group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or \_\_\_\_\_
behavior
26
in serial reproduction, what is is called when people exaggerate prominent details
sharpening
27
How would we reconcile conforming with the need to be unique?
We would get the popular brand buy differentiate by choosing a unique color
28
influence is driven less by influentials and more by what?
the interaction among those who are easily influenced with the opinion leader as part of the influence network
29
T/F Word-of-mouth communication is the most important driver of product choice.
T
30
what type of opinion leader do Consumers relinquish control over decision-making functions to
surrogate consumer
31
what is serial reproduction?
how content mutates ex. like playing telephone
32
what type of opinion leaders are Interior decorators, stockbrokers, professional shoppers, college consultants
surrogate consumer
33
a person that absorbs content that others post rather than contributing their own
lurker
34
a marketing intermediary hired to provide input into purchase decisions.
surrogate consumer
35
an informal rule that governs behavior
norm
36
what is the minimal group paradigm?
the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the same group
37
What are the 6 sources social power?
1. referent- if admire quality of a person or group
2. information- know something others want to know
3. legitimate- social agreements to power
4. expert- knowledge about a content area professional
5. reward- can provide positive reinforcement
6. coercive - social or physical intimidation
38
social power is the ____ to alter the actions of others
capacity
39
what is an example of group unanimity, size, and expertise in regards to conformity?
as groups gain in power, compliance increases ex. larger group harder to resist
40
a reference group is an actual or imaginary ____ or _____ that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
individual group
41
in serial reproduction, distortions follow a pattern, they change from ambiguous forms to more conventional ones a subjects try to make them ____ with their preexisting schemas
consistent
42
what is legitimate power?
social agreements to power ex. cop profess
43
in online groups opnions leaders can be called?
power users
44
the minimal group paradigm is the common finding that even when people are \_\_\_\_\_assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the same group
arbitrarily
45
Word of mouth is especially powerful when the consumer is familiar/unfamiliar with the product category?
unfamiliar
46
what is coercive power?
social or physical intimidation ex. sales people with hard sell tactics
47
social identity theory says we favor other that we feel share the same _____ even if the identity is what?
identity superificial and vitually meaningless
48
what is collective value creation?
when brand community members add value for themselves and other members by developing better ways to use and customize product
49
what is an example of commitment in regards to conformity?
dedicated to group and value their membership in it ex. terrorist
50
Other people and groups, especially those who possess some kind of social power, influence our \_\_\_\_\_
decisions
51
a _____ group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
reference
52
what is a way brand community members add value for themselves and other members?
developing better ways to use and customize product
53
social power is the capacity to ____ the actions of others
alter
54
what is reward power?
can provide positive reinforcement ex. feedback from judges , bosses
55
we assume someone who makes unconventional choices and doesn't conform is more powerful or competent so they can afford to go out on a limb. what is this effect called?
the red sneaker effect
56
a group of consumers who share a set of social relationships based on usage of or interest in a product is called?
a brand community
57
The process through which content mutates
ex. playing telephone
serial reproduction
58
What are 6 common things that make us more likely to conform?
1. Cultural pressure-
2. fear of deviance- believe group will apply sanctions
3. commitment- dedicated to group and value their membership in it
4. group unanimity, size, and expertise- larger group harder to resist
5. susceptibility to interpersonal influence- need to have others think highly of her
6. environmental cues- conform in a warm room, etc
59
what is buzz?
marketing messages that consumers percieve to be authentic and consumer generated
60
T/F Reference groups are only positive
F
61
what is a surrogate consumer?
a marketing intermediary hired to provide input into purchase decisions.
62
innovative communicators are?
opinion leaders who are also early purchasers
63
the capacity to alter the actions of others is what kind of power?
social
64
social power is the capacity to alter the \_\_\_\_of others
actions
65
the collective participation of members who together build and maintain a site. this forms a ?
online community
66
\_\_\_\_ power is the capacity to alter the actions of others
social
67
what is an avoidance group?
groups that we are motivated to distance ourselves from so we aren't associated with them
68
what is monomorphic
being an expert in a limited field
69
what is flaming?
when a post contains all capital letters to express anger
70
the minimal group paradigm is the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to ____ those who are placed in the same group
favor
71
are most opinion leaders everyday consumers or celebrities?
everyday consumers
72
\_\_\_\_ identity theory is a perspective that argues each of us has several selves that relate to groups.
social
73
negative word of mouth is espeically damaging when we are thinking about a new/old product or service
new
74
What is the red sneaker effect?
we assume someone who makes unconventional choices like wearing red sneakers in a professional setting, is more powerful or competent so they can afford to go out on a limb
75
social identity theory is a perspective that argues each of us has several ____ that relate to groups.
selves
76
what is information power?
know something others want to know ex. editor of trade publication
77
the minimal group ____ is the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the same group
paradigm
78
what are the pitfalls of the self designating method to finding opinion leaders?
Inflation or unawareness of own importance/influence
79
what is expert power?
knowledge about a content area professional ex. lawyer
80
what is referent power?
if admire quality of a person or group ex. celebrity
81
what is role- relaxed?
when individuals don't do things to get others to think highly of them
82
what is social identity theory?
a perspective that argues each of us has several selves that relate to groups.
83
when a piece of info triggers a sequence of interactions
info cascade
84
T/F many professionals depend primarily on word of mouth to generate business
T
85
what is an information cascade?
when a piece of info triggers a sequence of interactions
86
what is an example of cultural pressure in regards to conformity?
individualistic countries would choose color pen that was different while collectivist country would choose pen like the others
87
what is a brand community?
a group of consumers who share a set of social relationships based on usage of or interest in a product
88
what is a brandfest?
a corporate sponsored event intended to promote strong brand loyalty among customers
89
T/F Opinion leaders’ recommendations aren't more influential than others when we decide what to buy.
F
90
a reference group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals ____ , aspirations, or behavior
evaluations
91
the degree to which a pair of individuals is similiar in terms of education, social status, and beliefs
homophily
92
a person who likes to transmit marketplace info of all types is a called a what?
market maven
93
in serial reproduction, distortions follow a pattern, they change from \_\_\_\_forms to more ____ ones as a subjects tries to make them consistent with their preexisting schemas
ambiguous
conventional
94
the selves in social identity theory are so important that we think of ourselves not just a "I' but also as "\_\_\_".
we
95
what are 6 characteristics of opinion leaders
1. experts- technically competent have expert power
2. unbiased evaluation- have knowledge power since evaluate product info in unbiased fashion
3. socially active- interconnected in communities
4. similar to consumer-m referent power
5. among the first to buy-reduces uncertainty for the rest of us
6. social standing- hold offices in communityes so have legitimate power
96
a change in beliefs or actions as a reaction to real or imagined group pressure
conformity
97
in serial reproduction, distortions follow a pattern, they change from ambiguous forms to more conventional ones a subjects try to make them consistent with their preexisting \_\_\_\_\_
schemas
98
what is an opinion leader?
person who is knowledable about products and who frequently is able to influence others attitudes or behavior with regard to a product category
99
T/F Other people and groups, especially those who possess some kind of social power, influence our decisions.
T
100
The different classifications of power bases helps us do what 3 things?
1. distinguish among the reasons a person exerts power over another
2. the degree the influence is voluntary
3. whether the influence will still have an effect even when the source of power isn't around
101
a corporate sponsored event intended to promote strong brand loyalty among customers. brand communities are likely to attend
brandfest
102
T/F opinion leaders are not likely to be opinion seekers and look for info
F
103
a reference group is an ____ or ____ individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
actual imaginary
104
opinion leaders who are also early purchasers are called?
innovative communicators
105
in serial reproduction, distortions follow a pattern, they change from ambiguous forms to more conventional ones a subjects try to make them consistent with their preexisting schemas. what is this process called?
assimilation
106
what 4importanc characteristics do successful; online communities share?
1. standards of behavior
2. member contributions
3. degree of connectedness
4. network effects- site improves as number users increase
107
which is weighed more heavily by consumers, negative or positive word of mouth?
negative
108
what is the self designating method for finding opinion leaders?
Simply ask individuals whether they consider themselves to be opinion leaders
109
groups that we are motivated to distance ourselves from so we aren't associated with them are ?
avoidance groups
110
what is an example of susceptibility to interpersonal influence in regards to conformity?
need to have others think highly of her ex. choose product think others will like
111
what does the sociometric method do?
traces communication patterns amoung members of a group and can find nodes (people connecting alot of others)
112
what is word of mouth?
product info that individuals transmit to other individuals
113
a reference group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individuals evaluations, \_\_\_\_\_, or behavior
aspirations
114
what is an online community?
the collective participation of members who together build and maintain a site
115
when a post contains all capital letters to express anger it's called?
flaming
116
what is homophily?
the degree to which a pair of individuals is similiar in terms of education, social status, and beliefs
117
marketing messages that consumers percieve to be authentic and consumer generated
buzz
118
social identity theory is a perspective that argues each of us has several selves that relate to \_\_\_\_
groups.
119
an avoidance group that unite in their disdain for the celebrity, store, or brand
antibrand community
120
the \_\_\_\_group paradigm is the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the same group
minimal
121
social _____ theory is a perspective that argues each of us has several selves that relate to groups.
identity
122
Simply ask individuals whether they consider themselves to be opinion leaders is what method to finding opinion leaders?
self designating method
123
what is the key informant method of finding opinion leaders?
Key informants identify opinion leaders
124
who is more likely to be role relaxed?
people who are older, affluent, and have high self confidence
125
the minimal group paradigm is the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the ____ group
same
126
a reference group is an actual or imaginary individual or group that\_\_\_\_\_\_ influences an individuals evaluations, aspirations, or behavior
significantly
127
person who is knowledable about products and who frequently is able to influence others attitudes or behavior with regard to a product category
opinion leader
128
what is social power?
the capacity to alter the actions of others
129
social\_\_\_\_ is the capacity to alter the actions of others
power
130
what is an antibrand community?
an avoidance group that unite in their disdain for the celebrity, store, or brand
131
what is the difference between an aspirational reference group and a membership reference group?
in the membership reference group, we actually know the people whereas we don't know then in the aspirational reference group but admire them anyway.
132
product info that individuals transmit to other individuals
word of mouth
133
what is a lurker?
a person that absorbs content that others post rather than contributing their own
134
the common finding that even when people are arbitrarily assigned to a group, they tend to favor those who are placed in the same group
the minimal group paradigm
135
T/F opionion leaders are convincing to the extent that they are homophlious
T
136
T/F Social media doesn't change the way we learn about and select products
F
137
is advertising more effective at reinforcing our existing product preference or creating new one?
reinforcing
138
negative word of mouth reduces the _____ of a firms advertising
credibility
