CHAP 2

Question 1

muscle can only (push/pull)

Answer 1

pull

Question 2

3 type of joint

Answer 2

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 3

which moment arm is an advantage

Answer 3

when moment arm > 1

Question 4

when does moment arm is a disadvantage

Answer 4

MA < 1

Question 5

which moment arm favors low strength and high velocity

Answer 5

MA < 1

Question 6

which moment arm favours high strength and low velocity

Answer 6

MA > 1

Question 7

when does MA < 1

Answer 7

when FR < Fa

Question 8

when does MA > 1

Answer 8

when Fa< Fr

Question 9

isometric exertion or constant-speed joint rotation is which class of lever

Answer 9

1st

Question 10

which class of lever occurs when the body is stationary or moving upward at a constant velocity

Answer 10

2nd

Question 11

exemple of 2nd class lever

Answer 11

calf raise

Question 12

exemple of 1st class lever

Answer 12

elbow extension against resistance

Question 13

exemple of 3rd class lever

Answer 13

elbow flexion against resistance

Question 14

which class lever occurs when the arm is stationary or moving upward at a constant velocity

Answer 14

3rd class lever

Question 15

role of patella in mechanic of the knee

Answer 15

The patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle group by maintaining the quadriceps tendon’s distance from the knee’s axis of rotation.

Question 16

most skeletal muscle operate at a considerable mechanical (advantage/disadvantage)

Answer 16

disadvantage

Question 17

the primary lever orientation in the human is

Answer 17

3rd class

Question 18

human are built more for (speed/strenght) than (speed/strenght)

Answer 18

speed than strength

Question 19

during sports and other physical activities, forces in the muscles and tendons are much (higher/lower) than those exerted by the hands or feet on external objects or the ground.

Answer 19

higher

Question 20

tendon insertion farther from the joint center result in

Answer 20

ability to lift heavier, has larger moment arm = create greater torque but less rotation per unit of muscle contraction so slower movement speed -> loss of maximum speed and reduce muscle force capability during faster mvt

Question 21

strength is associate with

Answer 21

slow speed of movement, ability to exert force at low speed

Question 22

muscle force is greater when

Answer 22

more motor units are involved in a contraction,
the motor units are greater isze, or
the rate of firing is faster.

Question 23

the force a muscle can exert is related to what

Answer 23

cross-sectional area rather than to its volume

Question 24

what is a pennate muscle

Answer 24

a muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.

Question 25

what is the angle of pennation

Answer 25

is the angle between the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscle’s origin & insertion

Question 26

what is most often the pinnation angle

Answer 26

< or equal to 15º

Question 27

what happen with force generation if a muscle have CSA remaining the same but have an increase in pinnation

Answer 27

allows a muscle to generate a greater amount of force than nonpennate muscle.

Question 28

what happen with velocity if a muscle have CSA remaining the same but have an increase in pennation

Answer 28

results in a lower maximal shortening velocity than nonpennate muscle

Question 29

when does a muscle generate the greatest amount of force

Answer 29

when it is a its resting length

Question 30

the amount of torque exerted depend on

Answer 30

the force versus muscle length relationship, the variation in leverage attributable to the dynamic geometry of the muscles, tendons, & internal joint structures, type of exercise, the body joint in question, the muscles used at that joint, and the speed of contraction.

Question 31

the force capability of muscle (decrease/increase) as the velocity of contraction (decrease/increase)

Answer 31

decrease, increase

Question 32

as velocity of movement (decrease/increase), the max force a muscle can produce concentrically (decrease/increase)

Answer 32

increase, decrease

Question 33

relationship btw force velocity is linear or non-linear

Answer 33

linear

Question 34

the decline of force-velocity is steepest when speed is (increase/decrease) from

Answer 34

increase from slow to moderate

Question 35

what is the max power a muscle

Answer 35

around 1/3 Vmax

Question 36

a well-designed strength power training program will shift the force-velocity to the (right/left) and the power curve (downward/upward)

Answer 36

right, upward

Question 37

during isokinetic concentric exercise torque capability (increase/decline) as angular velocity (increase/decline)

Answer 37

decline, increase

Question 38

during which type of angular velocity torque capability declines as angular velocity increases

Answer 38

isokinetic concentric

Question 39

during eccentric exercise maximal torque capability (increase/decline) until about 90% after which it (increase/decline) gradually

Answer 39

increase, decline

Question 40

during which angular velocity maximal torque capability increases until about 90o/s, after which it declines gradually.

Answer 40

eccentric

Question 41

place angular velocity in order of muscle force

Answer 41

eccentric > isometric > concentric

Question 42

strength-to-mass ration reflect what

Answer 42

athlete ability to accelerate their body

Question 43

Is the strength-to-mass ratio of larger athletes higher or lower than that of smaller athletes?

Answer 43

no, smaller athlete will have a higher strength to mass ratio

Question 44

as body size (increase/decrease) body mass (increase/decrease) rapidly than the does muscle strength

Answer 44

increase, increase

Question 45

a muscle contractile force is fairly proportional to its

Answer 45

csa

Question 46

muscle mass is proportional to its

Answer 46

volume

Question 47

during a free weight exercise, when the weight is horizontally closer to the joint, it exerts (more/less) resistive force

Answer 47

less

Question 48

what happen in beggining of a barbell curl

Answer 48

the bar is accelerated from a zero velocity to an upward velocity.

Question 49

what happen near the top of a barbell curl

Answer 49

there is some deceleration to bring the bar’s velocity back to zero.

Question 50

what happen early in the ROM of a barbell curl

Answer 50

the agonist muscles receive resistance in excess of the bar weight

Question 51

what happen toward the end of the ROM of a barbell curl

Answer 51

the agonist muscles receive resistance less than the bar weight.

Question 52

coefficient of static friction is always (greater/less) than the coeffienc of sliding friction

Answer 52

greater

Question 53

what is surface drag

Answer 53

Results from the friction of a fluid passing along the surface of an object.

Question 54

what is form drag

Answer 54

Results from the way in which a fluid presses against the front or rear of an object moving through it.

Question 55

fluid-resistance exercise machine allow what

Answer 55

Allow rapid acceleration early in the exercise movement. Allow little acceleration after higher speeds are achieved.

Question 56

which type of exercise machine Do not generally provide an eccentric exercise phase, although machines with an internal pump do.

Answer 56

fluid-resisted exercise machine

Question 57

which type of exercise machine cannot perform isokinetic exercise

Answer 57

fluid-resisted exercise machine

Question 58

during 3rd class lever muscle is at advantage or disadvantage and why

Answer 58

This is a disadvantage because a larger muscular force is required to move the resistance. MM < MR, FM > FR .

Question 59

during 2nd class lever muscle are at advantage or disadvantage

Answer 59

This is an advantage because a small muscular force is required to move a person’s body weight.because MM > MR, FM < FR .

Question 60

1st class lever muscle work at an advantage or disadvantage

Answer 60

disadvantage