Chap 2 Key Words

Question 1

What are some similar terms to “BABY TALK”?

Answer 1

infant-directed speech(IDS)

child-directed speech (CDS),

motherese (or parentese)

Question 2

Baby talk contains elements such as higher pitch, more variable pitch, and exaggerated stress or also know as what?

Answer 2

prosodic features

Question 3

The prosodic features in speech to babies are ___________across many
languages.

Answer 3

common

Question 4

How can researchers tell what infants want to listen to?

Answer 4

Because infants turn their heads and infants eye patterns can be measured how long they stare.

Question 5

Do babies prefer baby talk or happy talk?

Answer 5

happy talk

Question 6

Child directed speech is the same as __________ _________.

Answer 6

Baby talk.

Question 7

What is social cognition and what age does an infant begin to change in this area?

Answer 7

They begin to understand that other people are intentional beings, have thoughts and goals, and that there can be a sharing of minds.

Question 8

Name an example of social cognition.

Answer 8

Parent points in a direction and child looks

Question 9

How is joint attention best used in teaching an infant vocabulary?

Answer 9

By supplying labels to objects the child is already interested in.

Instead of forcing a child to pay attention and then trying to label and describe it. can be counterproductiive!

Question 10

What are contingent comments? What age is this important at and what are the results of using them?

Answer 10

Comments made during Joint focus by narrating what they were doing or _describing the objec_t the child was interested in.

9mnths

results in better vocabularies 12, 18, 30 months.

Question 11

When the caregiver uses contingent comments, follows the child’s
interest, and bases the next utterances on what the child is focusing on,
the caregiver is employing a verbally ______ or _______ _______ _________.

Answer 11

1. sensitive
2. responsive interactional style

Question 12

What 2 styles are opposite of verbally sensitive or responsive interactional style? What do the 2 opposite style do to the childs attention?

Answer 12

1. verbally intrusive
2. controlling interactional style
3. constantly redirect the childs attention

Question 13

For most children between what months do children begin to understand words according to parent observations?

Answer 13

between 8 and 10 months

Question 14

By around month 11, about how many words can a child respong to?

Answer 14

50

Question 15

What is a format in early communication?

Answer 15

a highly structured situation such as

• Games
• reading books
• feeding time and words associated to it

All of these situations allows for the child to make connections between words and meanings. Reading a book over and over again is also good.

Question 16

What is high-amplitude sucking paradigm (HASP) and how and what does it measure?

Answer 16

It is a machine that measures how much a baby sucks on a pacifier in response to different sounds.

Question 17

What is habituation when dealing with measuring response rates?

Answer 17

It is the decrease of response by a stimulus.

Question 18

When do children learn to segment or break up sentences into words that stop and start?

Answer 18

During the second half of their first year of life.

Question 19

What ages can the Headturn-Preference

Procedure (or HPP) be used for?

Answer 19

ages 4months+

Question 20

Which testing precedure would best be used for younger infants, HPP or HASP?

Answer 20

Hasp for infants.

high-amplitude sucking paradigm

Question 21

What is statistical learning when related to learning language?

Answer 21

Being able to recognize patterns of speech, such as noticing -ing comes after is more that can. “Is coming, is learning, not can learning, can coming.”

Question 22

What is ** Intentional communication**? When does this occur in an infant?

Answer 22

When an infant realizes that certain sounds will result in a response from the caregiver.

Latter part of the first year of life.

Question 23

What are some indicators of intentional communication?

Answer 23

1. Child makes eye contact with caregiver and may look back and forth between object and caregiver
2. Some gestures have become consistant and ritualized.
3. Some vocalizations have become consistant and ritualized.
4. After a gesture or vocalization the child waits or pauses for a response
5. The child persists in trying to communicate if they are not understood and will modify their behavior.

Question 24

Vocalizations that contain consistent sound patterns and are used in consistent situations, but are unique to the child rather than based
on the adult language, are referred to as ___________.

Answer 24

protowords

Question 25

Describe **low-structured observation**.

Answer 25

A way of assesing a child communicative abilities. The caregiver would play with a child and a trained specialist would observe the child _commenting_

Question 26

How is **Structured Observation** different from **low structure observation**?

Answer 26

In structured observation the situation is somewhat manipulated to increase the likelyhood of observing a behavior.

Question 27

What is a **communicative temptation task. ** Describe an example.

Answer 27

Used to entice a child to produce requests. A toy could be given to an infant inside a plastic container. An infant would cry and fuss and a preverbal infant may hand the toy in plastic to an adult and point at it.

Question 28

What are 3 clinical evaluations used to measure norms of language development?

Answer 28

1. **MacArthurBates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI)**. 2 scales used 8-16 months and 16-30 months. Caregiver asked about words comprehended or said. 2. **Language develop Survey (LDS)** Briefer vocabulary assesment. Good for screening for expressive language delay. 3. Communication and Symbolic behavior scale(CSBS). Used in a study of about 2,000 infants including those with risk factors.