Chap 22 Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
A. It helps control the pH of body fluids.
B. It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood.
C. It helps regulate blood pressure.
D. It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.
E. It helps with defecation.
A
D. It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.
2
Q
The upper respiratory tract extends A. from the nose through the trachea. B. from the nose through the pharynx. C. from the nose through the larynx. D. from the nose through the alveoli. E. from the nose through the lungs.
A
C. from the nose through the larynx.
3
Q
The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the A. nasal cavities. B. nasal fossae. C. nasal septa. D. nasal vestibules. E. nasal apertures.
A
B. nasal fossae.
4
Q
Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages? A. vestibular and vocal ligaments B. laryngeal and corniculate C. corniculate and cricoid D. cricoids and arytenoids E. thyrohyoid and cricoids
A
A. vestibular and vocal ligaments
5
Q
The most numerous cells in the lungs are called A. mucosal cells. B. type I alveolar cells. C. type II alveolar cells. D. dust cells. E. vibrissae.
A
D. dust cells.
6
Q
Each alveolus is surrounded by a basket of blood capillaries supplied by A. the aorta. B. the pulmonary artery. C. the pulmonary vein. D. the inferior vena cava. E. the superior vena cava
A
B. the pulmonary artery.
7
Q
Which of the following does not have cilia? A. the nasal cavity B. the trachea C. the bronchi D. terminal bronchioles E. respiratory bronchioles
A
E. respiratory bronchioles
8
Q
What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium? A. their shape B. their size C. their function D. their epithelial type E. presence or absence of cilia
A
A. their shape
9
Q
This structure is about 5cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
A
D. 4
10
Q
Although the heart is not included in this illustration, its apex would lie at point A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 7. E. 9
A
D. 7.
11
Q
Compared to any other point on this figure, the highest ventilation-perfusion ratio would be found at point A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 6. E. 9.
A
.3
12
Q
Structure 2 is the A. thyroid cartilage. B. corniculate cartilage. C. cricoid cartilage. D. first tracheal cartilage. E. vocal ligament.
A
C. cricoid cartilage
13
Q
There is a total of five of these structures in the respiratory system. A. 4 B. 8 C. 4 and 8 D. 6 and 8 E. 6
A
D. 6 and 8
14
Q
Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except A. the pharynx. B. the epiglottis. C. the oral cavity. D. the tongue. E. the lips.
A
B. the epiglottis.
15
Q
Which of the following cartilages is largest? A. the corniculate cartilage B. the epiglottic cartilage C. the thyroid cartilage D. the cricoid cartilage E. the arytenoid cartilage
A
C. the thyroid cartilage
16
Q
\_\_\_\_ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases. A. Boyle's law B. Valsalva's law C. Dalton's law D. Charles's law E. Henry's law
A
C. Dalton’s law
17
Q
In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow? A. atmospheric pressure B. respiratory rate C. bronchiole diameter D. quantity of surfactant E. the diaphragm
A
C. bronchiole diameter
18
Q
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called A. vital capacity. B. inspiratory reserve volume. C. expiratory reserve volume. D. residual volume. E. inspiratory capacity
A
B. inspiratory reserve volume.
19
Q
Vital capacity consists of
A. inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume.
B. inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume.
C. expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume.
D. expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.
E. respiratory volume + tidal volume.
A
D. expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.
20
Q
Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what? A. tachypnea B. dyspnea C. orthopnea D. hyperpnea E. Kussmaul respiration
A
E. Kussmaul respiration
21
Q
Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except A. carbaminohemoglobin. B. carbonic acid. C. carbonate. D. bicarbonate ions. E. dissolved gas.
A
C. carbonate.
22
Q
Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have up to
4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom’s life?
A. reserve oxygen in Tom’s lungs
B. a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom’s blood
C. the ambient Po2 can support life that long
D. the Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes
E. Tom’s hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes
A
B. a venous reserve of oxygen in Tom’s blood
23
Q
During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate?
A. increased H+
level in the blood
B. the Bohr effect
C. reduced blood pH
D. reduced oxyhemoglobin
E. anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
A
E. anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
24
Q
Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air? A. an increase in membrane thickness B. an increase in alveolar surface area C. an increase in respiratory rate D. a decrease in membrane thickness E. a decrease in nitrogen solubility
A
A. an increase in membrane thickness
25
```
The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ___ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates
RBCs to unload more oxygen.
A. sodium
B. potassium
C. nitrogen
D. hydrogen
E. chloride
```
D. hydrogen
26
```
Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation?
A. epinephrine
B. fever
C. thyroid hormone
D. low pH
E. erythrocyte count
```
E. erythrocyte count
27
```
Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe?
A. oxygen
B. water vapor
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide
E. hydrogen
```
C. nitrogen
28
```
Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to _____ oxygen molecules.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
```
D. 4
29
```
Normally the systemic arterial blood has a Po2 of _____ mm Hg, a Pco2 of _____ mm Hg, and
a pH of _____.
A. 40; 95; 7.4
B. 95; 40; 7.4
C. 7.4; 40; 95
D. 95; 7.4; 40
E. 40; 7.4; 95
```
B. 95; 40; 7.4
30
```
Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?
A. hemoglobin
B. carboxyhemoglobin
C. carbonic anhydrase
D. bisphosphoglycerate
E. carbaminoreductase
```
C. carbonic anhydrase
31
```
In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what
percentage of its oxygen?
A. 5% to 10%
B. 10% to 15%
C. 20% to 25%
D. 30% to 40%
E. 70% to 85%
```
C. 20% to 25%
32
```
Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in
a tissue?
A. apoxia
B. hypoxia
C. anoxia
D. cyanosis
E. eupnea
```
B. hypoxia
33
```
Congestive heart failure results in which of the following?
A. hypoxemic hypoxia
B. ischemic hypoxia
C. anemic hypoxia
D. histotoxic hypoxia
E. idiopathic hypoxia
```
B. ischemic hypoxia
34
```
Which of the following is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum?
A. Asthma
B. Oat-cell carcinoma
C. Atelectasis
D. Chronic bronchitis
E. Emphysema
```
D. Chronic bronchitis
35
```
Which of the following is a lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli?
A. Cor pulmonale
B. Pulmonary hemosiderosis
C. Emphysema
D. Atelectasis
E. Collapsed lung
```
C. Emphysema
36
```
In which condition are the lungs infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis?
A. Pneumonia
B. Dyspnea
C. Pneumothorax
D. Tuberculosis
E. Rhinitis
```
D. Tuberculosis
37
```
Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi?
A. Squamous-cell carcinoma
B. Oat-cell carcinoma
C. Adenocarcinoma
D. Pulmonary edema
E. Cor pulmonale
```
C. Adenocarcinoma
38
```
Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in which condition?
A. A Bohr effect
B. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
C. A pneumothorax
D. Atelectasis
E. Ondine's curse
```
E. Ondine's curse
39
```
Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa?
A. Apnea
B. Adult respiratory distress syndrome
C. Acute bronchitis
D. Acute rhinitis
E. Asthma
```
D. Acute rhinitis
40
```
Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called _________.
A. decompression sickness
B. hyperbaric disease
C. cerebral embolism
D. pulmonary barotrauma
E. pulmonary edema
```
A. decompression sickness
41
```
The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in the ___________.
A. pontine respiratory group
B. dorsal respiratory group
C. ventral respiratory group
D. medulla oblongata
E. pons
```
D. medulla oblongata
42
```
Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by __________ of the respiratory tract.
A. squamous alveolar cells
B. great alveolar cells
C. the pleurae
D. ciliated cells
E. goblet cells
```
E. goblet cells
43
```
The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___________ than in any other form.
A. carbaminohemoglobin
B. carboxyhemoglobin
C. bicarbonate ions
D. dissolved CO2 gas
E. bisphosphocarbonate
```
C. bicarbonate ions
44
Among its other purposes, how is the Valsalva maneuver used?
A. To aid in defecation and urination
B. As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest
C. To ventilate the lungs during eupnea
D. To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs
E. To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen
A. To aid in defecation and urination
45
Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so?
A. A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood.
B. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well.
C. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well.
D. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O2 very well.
E. A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.
C. Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well.
46
```
Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is __________ mL/min.
A. 2,400
B. 3,600
C. 4,200
D. 5,600
E. 6,400
```
C. 4,200
47
```
Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is __________ mL.
A. 2,400
B. 3,000
C. 3,800
D. 4,700
E. 5,800
```
D. 4,700
48
If one inspires through their nose, which of the following answers has the correct order of structures the air would move through?
A. Nares Vestibule Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx Trachea Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Terminal Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveolus
B. Nares Nasal Cavity Vestibule Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx Trachea Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus Bronchiole Terminal Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveolus
C. Nares Vestibule Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Terminal Bronchiole Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveolus
D. Nares Nasal Cavity Vestibule Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx Trachea Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Terminal Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveolus
A. Nares Vestibule Nasal Cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Larynx Trachea Primary Bronchus Secondary Bronchus Tertiary Bronchus Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Terminal Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Alveolus
