Flashcards in Chap 26 Textbook Questions Deck (26)
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1
Solute contributes to the movement of water between
cells and the surrounding medium by ________.
a. osmotic pressure
b. hydrostatic pressure
c. Brownian movement
d. random motion
a. osmotic pressure
2
A cation has a(n) ________ charge.
a. neutral
b. positive
c. alternating
d. negative
b. positive
3
Interstitial fluid (IF) is ________.
a. the fluid in the cytosol of the cells
b. the fluid component of blood
c. the fluid that bathes all of the body’s cells except for blood cells
d. the intracellular fluids found between membranes
c. the fluid that bathes all of the body’s cells except for blood cells
4
The largest amount of water comes into the body via
________.
a. metabolism
b. foods
c. liquids
d. humidified air
c. liquids
5
The largest amount of water leaves the body via
________.
a. the GI tract
b. the skin as sweat
c. expiration
d. urine
d. urine
6
Insensible water loss is water lost via ________.
a. skin evaporation and in air from the lungs
b. urine
c. excessive sweating
d. vomiting or diarrhea
a. skin evaporation and in air from the lungs
7
How soon after drinking a large glass of water will a
person start increasing their urine output?
a. 5 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 1 hour
d. 3 hours
b. 30 minutes
8
Bone serves as a mineral reserve for which two ions?
a. sodium and potassium
b. calcium and phosphate
c. chloride and bicarbonate
d. calcium and bicarbonate
b. calcium and phosphate
9
Electrolytes are lost mostly through ________.
a. renal function
b. sweating
c. feces
d. respiration
a. renal function
10
The major cation in extracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
a. sodium
11
The major cation in intracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
b. potassium
12
The major anion in extracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
c. chloride
13
Most of the body’s calcium is found in ________.
a. teeth
b. bone
c. plasma
d. extracellular fluids
c. chloride
14
Abnormally increased blood levels of sodium are
termed ________.
a. hyperkalemia
b. hyperchloremia
c. hypernatremia
d. hypercalcemia
c. hypernatremia
15
The ion with the lowest blood level is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
b. potassium
16
Which two ions are most affected by aldosterone?
a. sodium and potassium
b. chloride and bicarbonate
c. calcium and phosphate
d. sodium and phosphate
a. sodium and potassium
17
Which of the following is the most important buffer
inside red blood cells?
a. plasma proteins
b. hemoglobin
c. phosphate buffers
d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
b. hemoglobin
18
. Which explanation best describes why plasma proteins
can function as buffers?
a. Plasma proteins combine with bicarbonate to
make a stronger buffer.
b. Plasma proteins are immune to damage from
acids.
c. Proteins have both positive and negative charges
on their surface.
d. Proteins are alkaline.
c. Proteins have both positive and negative charges
on their surface.
19
The buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance
is ________.
a. plasma protein
b. hemoglobin
c. phosphate buffer
d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
20
Carbonic acid levels are controlled through the
________.
a. respiratory system
b. renal system
c. digestive system
d. metabolic rate of cells
a. respiratory system
21
Bicarbonate ion concentrations in the blood are
controlled through the ________.
a. respiratory system
b. renal system
c. digestive system
d. metabolic rate of cells
b. renal system
22
Which reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?
a. HPO4
2-+H+ ↔ H2 PO4-
b. CO2
+ H2 O ↔ H2CO3
c. H2 PO4 − +OH− ↔ HPO4
2 − +H2 O
d. H2CO3 ↔ HCO3 − + H+
b. CO2
+ H2 O ↔ H2CO3
23
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic
acidosis?
a. excessive HCl loss
b. increased aldosterone
c. diarrhea
d. prolonged use of diuretics
c. diarrhea
24
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory
acidosis?
a. emphysema
b. low blood K+
c. increased aldosterone
d. increased blood ketones
a. emphysema
25
At a pH of 7.40, the carbonic acid ratio is ________.
a. 35:1
b. 4:1
c. 20:1
d. 3:1
c. 20:1
26
