Chap 26 Textbook Questions Flashcards
(26 cards)
Solute contributes to the movement of water between
cells and the surrounding medium by ________.
a. osmotic pressure
b. hydrostatic pressure
c. Brownian movement
d. random motion
a. osmotic pressure
A cation has a(n) ________ charge.
a. neutral
b. positive
c. alternating
d. negative
b. positive
Interstitial fluid (IF) is ________.
a. the fluid in the cytosol of the cells
b. the fluid component of blood
c. the fluid that bathes all of the body’s cells except for blood cells
d. the intracellular fluids found between membranes
c. the fluid that bathes all of the body’s cells except for blood cells
The largest amount of water comes into the body via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. metabolism b. foods c. liquids d. humidified air
c. liquids
The largest amount of water leaves the body via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. the GI tract b. the skin as sweat c. expiration d. urine
d. urine
Insensible water loss is water lost via ________.
a. skin evaporation and in air from the lungs
b. urine
c. excessive sweating
d. vomiting or diarrhea
a. skin evaporation and in air from the lungs
How soon after drinking a large glass of water will a
person start increasing their urine output?
a. 5 minutes
b. 30 minutes
c. 1 hour
d. 3 hours
b. 30 minutes
Bone serves as a mineral reserve for which two ions?
a. sodium and potassium
b. calcium and phosphate
c. chloride and bicarbonate
d. calcium and bicarbonate
b. calcium and phosphate
Electrolytes are lost mostly through ________.
a. renal function
b. sweating
c. feces
d. respiration
a. renal function
The major cation in extracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
a. sodium
The major cation in intracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
b. potassium
The major anion in extracellular fluid is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
c. chloride
Most of the body’s calcium is found in ________.
a. teeth
b. bone
c. plasma
d. extracellular fluids
c. chloride
Abnormally increased blood levels of sodium are termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. hyperkalemia b. hyperchloremia c. hypernatremia d. hypercalcemia
c. hypernatremia
The ion with the lowest blood level is ________.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate
b. potassium
Which two ions are most affected by aldosterone?
a. sodium and potassium
b. chloride and bicarbonate
c. calcium and phosphate
d. sodium and phosphate
a. sodium and potassium
Which of the following is the most important buffer inside red blood cells? a. plasma proteins b. hemoglobin c. phosphate buffers d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
b. hemoglobin
. Which explanation best describes why plasma proteins
can function as buffers?
a. Plasma proteins combine with bicarbonate to
make a stronger buffer.
b. Plasma proteins are immune to damage from
acids.
c. Proteins have both positive and negative charges
on their surface.
d. Proteins are alkaline.
c. Proteins have both positive and negative charges
on their surface.
The buffer that is adjusted to control acid-base balance is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. plasma protein b. hemoglobin c. phosphate buffer d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
d. bicarbonate: carbonic acid buffer
Carbonic acid levels are controlled through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. respiratory system b. renal system c. digestive system d. metabolic rate of cells
a. respiratory system
Bicarbonate ion concentrations in the blood are controlled through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. respiratory system b. renal system c. digestive system d. metabolic rate of cells
b. renal system
Which reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase? a. HPO4 2-+H+ ↔ H2 PO4- b. CO2 \+ H2 O ↔ H2CO3 c. H2 PO4 − +OH− ↔ HPO4 2 − +H2 O d. H2CO3 ↔ HCO3 − + H+
b. CO2
+ H2 O ↔ H2CO3
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis? a. excessive HCl loss b. increased aldosterone c. diarrhea d. prolonged use of diuretics
c. diarrhea
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory acidosis? a. emphysema b. low blood K+ c. increased aldosterone d. increased blood ketones
a. emphysema
