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(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide > Chap 3 : Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Chap 3 : Plasma Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

The cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy carrying molecule

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

A small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; it’s membrane is capable of fusing with plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

A

Vesicle

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3
Q

A cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

A

Eukaryotic cell

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4
Q

The method of transporting material that requires energy

A

Active transport

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5
Q

A process of passing material out of a cell

A

Exocytosis

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6
Q

True or false: Enzymes are catalysts

A

True

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7
Q

Separate cells from external environment, controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen and waste into and out of a cell

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Provide structure to cell, site of many metabolic reactions, medium in which organelles are found

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Location of DNA

A

Nucleoid

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10
Q

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

ATP production/cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and amino acids and detoxifies poisons

A

Peroxisomes

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14
Q

Storage and transport, digestive function in plant cells

A

Vesicles and vacuoles

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15
Q

Unspecific role in cell division in animal cells; organizing Center of microtubules in animal cells

A

Centrosome

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16
Q

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn out organelles

A

Lysosomes

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17
Q

Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape

A

Cell wall

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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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19
Q

Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

Modifies, sorts, tags, packages and distributes lipids and proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

Maintains cells shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move independently

A

Cytoskeleton

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22
Q

Cellular locomotion

A

Flagella

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23
Q

Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and filtration

A

Cilia

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24
Q

A scientific model that describes the structure and function of cell membranes

A

Fluid mosaic model

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25
True or false: fatty acid tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic
True
26
True or false; phosphate heads are polar and hydrophilic
True
27
True or false: The plasma membrane is basically a lipid bilayer balloon filled with fluid
True
28
Lipid bilayer balloon filled with fluid; nonpolar tails sandwiched between polar heads; separates extracellular fluid from cytosol
Plasma membrane
29
Fluid mosaic model
Plasma membrane
30
Water loving
Hydrophilic
31
Water fearing
Hydrophobic
32
What molecules can pass through a hydrophobic core of a plasma membrane?
Small, no charge, dissolve in lipid (IE, oxygen, alcohol, steroids and carbon dioxide.
33
What molecules need help passing through the hydrophobic core of a plasma membrane?
Large, charged, polar (IE, water, ions, glucose
34
Three types of protein functions
Adhering (adheres one cell to nearby cells), tight (waterproofing/skin) and Gap (communication channels-heart)
35
Important membrane protein functions also include:
Enzymes, transport, recognition, attachment, transduction
36
What is citolyse?
Cell burst due to the amount of water taken in
37
What is hemolysis?
Cytolosis (burst) of a red blood cell
38
What is hypotonic?
Decreased osmolality from plasma; cell draws water in.
39
What is isotonic?
Same osmolality as plasma
40
What is hypertonic?
Increased osmolality; pulls water out of a cell; Crenation occurs (dehydration)
41
Found in the cell membranes
Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, carbs
42
A bilayer of phospholipids
Plasma membranes
43
Phosphate heads are..
Polar and hydrophilic
44
Fatty acid tails are...
Nonpolar and hydrophobic
45
This creates a hydrophobic core to the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
46
This makes plasma membrane selectively permeable
Their structure- phospholipid bilayer
47
What molecules can easily pass through the membrane?
Oxygen, steroids, , carbon dioxide, alcohol- "small, noncharged, nonpolar"
48
What molecules need help passing through a membrane?
Water, ions, glucose, protein, electrolytes, amino acids- "large, charged, polar"
49
How does the lipid composition of a cell's plasma membrane influence its behavior under different environmental conditions?
By affecting the membranes fluidity
50
What are the membrane protein functions:
Transporting, facilitating cell signaling by acting as a receptor, maintaining cell shape, cell recognition, carrying out enzymatic reactions depending on the specific protein type
51
Three types of protein junctions?
Adhering (organ), Tight - (waterproofing, skin) & Gap (communication/channels- heart)
52
Membrane transport=
Movement
53
Passive transport
Doesn't require energy but needs a protein to help it get through a membrane
54
Passive transport
Doesn't require energy but needs a protein to help it get through a membrane
55
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentrations of a substance between two areas
56
Simple diffusion
Doesn't require energy/high to low concentration
57
Facilitated diffusion (Carrier and channel proteins)
Occurs without energy but needs protein to get to a cell
58
Osmosis
Diffusion
59
Movement of water molecules from high to low through semi-permeable membrane
Osmosis
60
Tonicity
Ability of a solution to change volume of cell by altering water content
61
Hypotonic
Solution with LOWER osmatic pressure/solute/decreased "muscle tone"
62
Isotonic
SAME water concentration/No net movement of water "muscle contraction"
63
Hypertonic
HIGHER tone, tension/higher concentration of solutes
64
Cytolosis
Pathologic dissolution/disintegration of cells "cell bursts"
65
Hemolysis
Breakdown of red blood cells "bursting of red blood cells"
66
Crenation
Cell shrinkage/dehydration
67
Primary active transport
Forcing molecules to move against where they wouldn't naturally go through diffusion
68
Sodium/potassium (na*/k) pump
Membrane found in animal cells. Helps maintain equilibrium
69
Secondary active transport
Uses electrochemical energy to move molecules across cell membrane (co-transport)/relies on primary gradient
70
Symporter
Molecules moving in SAME direction
71
Anti-porter
Molecules moving in OPPOSITE direction
72
Vesicular
Move substances into or out of the cell
73
When water flows into a cell
Hypotonic
74
When water moves at equal rate
Isotonic
75
This occurs when water is pulled out of cells
Hypertonic
76
ATP/Damned up water
Primary active transport
77
Pumps (2) sodium out and (3) potassium in
Sodium potassium pump
78
Types of vesicular transport
Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis and Receptor mediated endocytosis
79
This type of vesicular transport removes waste out of a cell
Exocytosis
80
Hormones, waste, neurotransmitters
Examples of exocytosis
81
This type of vesicular transport takes in fluid/ consumption "like a fine wine"
Pinocytosis
82
An example of Pinocytosis
Small intestines/nutrient rich
83
This type of vesicular transport sell in golf's or eats large particles/non-specific solid
Phagocytosis
84
An example of phagocytosis
Bacteria, viruses, microvilli
85
This type of vesicular transport allows cells to absorb molecules like a "lock and key"
Receptor mediated endocytosis
86
Examples of receptor mediated endocytosis
Used by animals to bring cholesterol and certain hormones
87
How does solid concentration influence osmosis inside a cell?
Determining direction and rate of water movement across cell membrane
88
How does solid concentration influence osmosis outside of the cell?
It causes water to move out of the cell via osmosis
89
Against or up
Active (requires energy/atp)
90
Along or down/concentration gradient
Passive (doesn't require energy but needs a protein to get through)

(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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