Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 1 Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

An instrument that magnifies an object

Answer 1

Microscope

Question 2

True or false: The optic lens of a light microscope changes the orientation of the image. (A specimen that’s right side up and facing right will appear upside down and facing left when viewed through the microscope and vice versa)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or false: staining cells will kill the cells

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or false: light microscopes magnify up to approximately 400 times

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false: when oil immersion lenses are used magnification is usually increased 1,000 times

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or false: oil immersion lenses are used for the study of smaller cells, like most prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or false: dissecting microscopes have a lower magnification and are used to examine larger objects such as tissues

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or false: viewing a specimen under an electron microscope will kill it

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or false: when using an electron microscope, cells and other structures are usually coated with a metal like gold

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Professional who studies cells through microscopic examinations and other laboratory tests

Answer 10

Cytotechnologist

Question 11

Who was a Dutch shopkeeper who had great skill in crafting lenses for microscope’s

Answer 11

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 12

Leeuwenhoek observe the movements of protists (a type of single-celled organism) and sperm termed as:

Answer 12

Animalcules

Question 13

Who coined the term “cell” for the box like structures he observed when viewing cork tissues through a lens?

Answer 13

Experimental scientist Robert Hooke

Question 14

Who proposed the unified cell theory?

Answer 14

Zoologist Theodore Schwan

Question 15

When All living things are composed of one or more cells, and the cell is the basic unit of life and all new cells arise from existing cells

Answer 15

Unified cell theory

Question 16

What are the two broad categories for cells?

Answer 16

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 17

Single-celled organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea

Answer 17

Prokaryotes

Question 18

Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists

Answer 18

Eukaryotes

Question 19

What are the four common components of cells:

Answer 19

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

Question 20

Outer covering that separates the cells interior from its surrounding environment

Answer 20

Plasma membrane

Question 21

Jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Genetic material of the cell

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Particles that synthesize proteins

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

True or false: a prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism

Answer 25

Prokaryotic cell

Question 26

Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 26

In a central part of the cell (a darkened region called the nucleoid)

Question 27

Functions of a bacteria cell wall:

Answer 27

Acts as a layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents hydration

Question 28

This cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane bound compartments or sacs

Answer 28

Eukaryotic cell

Question 29

Membrane-bound compartments or sacs

Answer 29

Organelles

Question 30

True or false: prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false: as a cell becomes larger it becomes more difficult for the cell to acquire sufficient materials to support the processes inside the cell and declines

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or false: organelles allow for various functions to occur in the cell at the same time

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What structure does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not have?

Answer 33

Chloroplast and a large central vacuole

Question 34

Site of photosynthesis in a plant cell

Answer 34

Chloroplast

Question 35

Filled with cell sap that maintains pressure against cell wall in a plant cell

Answer 35

Central vacuole

Question 36

What structure does an animal cell have that a plant cell does not have?

Answer 36

Centrosome and lysosomes

Question 37

Digests food and waste materials in an animal cell

Answer 37

Lysosome

Question 38

Microtubule organizing Center in an animal cell

Answer 38

Centrosome

Question 39

Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment

Answer 39

Plasma membrane

Question 40

True or false: prokaryotes and eukaryotic cells both have a plasma membrane

Answer 40

True

Question 41

A lipid molecule composed of two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group

Answer 41

Phospho lipid

Question 42

This regulates the passage of some substances, such as organic molecules, ions and water

Answer 42

Plasma membrane

Question 43

First to observe bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 43

Leeuwenhoek

Question 44

What similarities does the Prokaryotic Cell have with Eukaryotic Cells?

Answer 44

DNA, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes

Question 45

True or False: a Prokaryotic Cell has a nucleoid instead of a nucleaus

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Prokaryote has 3 main bacterial shapes:

Answer 46

Cocci (round), bacilis (rod) & spirilla (spiral)

Question 47

What are the three tenents of cell theory?

Answer 47

1. All organisms consist of one or more cells, 2. Cell is the smallest structure, 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 48

Simple nucleoid, lacks organized nucleus, Pilus, capsule

Answer 48

Prokaryote

Question 49

Larger and more complex, has a nucleus, fungi, protists

Answer 49

Eukaryotes

Question 50

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes are common in what?

Answer 50

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 51

Prokaryotes are associated with which domains of life?

Answer 51

Single cell

Question 52

Three main shapes of bacteria

Answer 52

C o c c i (round), B a c i l i s (rod), S p i r i l l a (spiral)

Question 53

True or false: Archaens live in extreme conditions

Answer 53

True

Question 54

This can live in high temperatures, extreme salinity, high acidity, deep ocean pressures, high levels of radiation and anywhere too harsh for other life forms to survive.

Answer 54

Archaens

Question 55

Group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify package and transport lipids and proteins

Answer 55

Endomembrane system

Question 56

Gelatinous liquid that fills inside a cell

Answer 56

Cytoplasm

Question 57

Major components of Cytosol

Answer 57

Mostly water, some solutes (protein, salts and sugars)

Question 58

Found in a plant cell

Answer 58

Central vacuole

Question 59

Four types of microscopes

Answer 59

Light, fluorescence, transmission electron, scanning electron

Question 60

What is a light microscope?

Answer 60

Compound, most used, basic and limited

Question 61

What is a fluorescence microscope?

Answer 61

Allows to see real-time movement and specific substances/colors

Question 62

What is a transmission electron microscope?

Answer 62

Higher magnification/black and white

Question 63

What is a scanning electron microscope?

Answer 63

3D surface image

Question 64

What types of molecules can pass through a plasma membrane?

Answer 64

Non-charged, small and dissolve in lipid Examples: O2, alcohol, steroids, carbon dioxide

Question 65

What types of molecules cannot pass through a plasma membrane?

Answer 65

Polar, larges and charged. Examples: water, ions, and glucose