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(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide > Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 3 Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3: 2.1/Part 3 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two organelles that are only found in plant cells?

A

Chloroplast and central vacuole

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2
Q

Chlorophyll is a pigment for?

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

True or false: chloroplast produces glucose?

A

True

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4
Q

True or false: chloroplast has its own chloroplast DNA (CPD a)?

A

True

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5
Q

True or false: chloroplast DNA is separate and distinct from the DNA found in the nucleus?

A

True

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6
Q

Membranous sacs within the inner membrane

A

Thyilakoids

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7
Q

Stacks of thylakoids

A

Grana (granum)

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8
Q

Colorless fluid surrounding the grana

A

Stroma

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9
Q

What is the largest organelle in a plant cell?

A

Central vacuole

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10
Q

This holds water, other materials and wastes in a plant cell.

A

Central vacuole

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11
Q

This functions to maintain turgor, the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support.

A

Central vacuole

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12
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

This provides most all of the cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

True or false: mitochondria contain their own mitochondrial DNA, discrete and different from chromosomal DNA?

A

True

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15
Q

In the mitochondrial structure there are two mitochondria membranes:

A

Smooth outer, folded inner

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16
Q

Regarding mitochondria membranes, folded inner means:

A

Folds =Cristae

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17
Q

True or false: The matrix is within the inner membrane of a mitochondria structure

A

True

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18
Q

Where is the mitochondria intermembrane space?

A

Located between the two membranes, smooth and folded

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19
Q

True or false: ribosome can be free or rough e.r.bound?

A

True

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20
Q

True or false: ribosome is made of ribosomal RNA (rDNA) and proteins

A

True

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21
Q

True or false: Ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis through the process of translation?

A

True

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22
Q

True or false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is called a rough membrane system continuous with the nucleus because it is studded with ribosomes?

A

True

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23
Q

True or false: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (E R ) function is to manufacture proteins?

A

True

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24
Q

True or false: Smooth ER doesn’t have ribosomes

A

True

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25
True or false: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) are tubes (tubules) arranged in a looping network?
True
26
What are the two main functions of a Smooth ER?
Lipid functions and storage and release of calcium
27
True or false: a lipid function is a synthesis of steroid-based hormones
True
28
True or false: a lipid function has increased absorption, synthesis and transport of fats in intestinal cells
True
29
True or false: a lipid function is a lipid and cholesterol metabolism that break down of glycogen and detoxification of drugs, pesticides and carcinogens
True
30
True or false: a Smooth ER has a function of storage and release of calcium in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells?
True
31
What is the key to a muscle contraction?
Storage and release of calcium and skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
32
Two main functions of a Smooth ER:
Lipid and calcium (storage)
33
These are stacked and flattened membranous sacs
Golgi apparatus
34
True or false: Golgi apparatus functions and modification, concentration, packaging and shipping of proteins into secretory transport vessels?
True
35
What is the analogy of a Golgi apparatus?
The post office of the cell
36
Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases) "Garbage Disposal"
Lysosomes
37
True or false: Lisosomes digest ingested bacteria, viruses and toxins
True
38
What is the storage form of carbohydrates?
Glycogen
39
True or false: Lysosomes breakdown and release glycogen
True
40
True or false: Lysosomes break down bone to release calcium (Ca2+) into blood?
True
41
True or false: Lysosomes degrade non-functional organelles?
True
42
True or false: Lysosomes destroy injured, non-useful cells (autolysis)
True
43
Another name for non-useful cells
Autolysis
44
True or false: Peroxisomes are membranous sacs containing powerful oxidases and catalysis (important enzymes)
True
45
True or false: Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or toxic substances
True
46
True or false: Peroxisomes neutralize dangerous "free radicals"
True
47
Highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons
Free radicals
48
Free radicals are caused by:
UV radiation, air pollution, smoking, ionizing radiation, cellular metabolism
49
True or False: Hydrogen Peroxide can be created by cellular metabolism (by a small degree)
True
50
Centrosome or microtubule organizing Center that contains centrioles:
Centrosome/centrioles
51
True or false: centrioli's control spindle fiber formation during mitosis and meiosis?
True
52
True or false: centrosome plays a role in cell division?
True
53
What is the main function of centrosome?
Cell division
54
What are the two main types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis
55
Nuclear division in which chromosomes are replicated creating two identical daughter cells necessary for growth and repair
Mitosis
56
Nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number by half to create four haploid cells, necessary for gamete production and reproduction of the organism
Meiosis
57
True or false: mitosis has one round of division
True
58
True or false: Meiosis has two rounds of division
True
59
True or false: Meiosis is responsible for forming sperm and egg?
True
60
In cell division, This is used for growth and repair
Mitosis
61
In cell division, this is used for gamete production and reproduction of the entire organism
Meiosis
62
Four types of cellular extension
Microvilli (small intestines), Cilia, flagellum, Pili
63
Three types of cytoskeletons
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
64
Hypothesis that explain how some organelles and eukaryotic cells originated as prokaryotic microbes
Endosymbiosis theory
65
Supported by similarity of organelles to prokaryotic cells and presence of miniaturized prokaryotic chromosomes in organelles
Evidence that supports endosymbiosis theory
66
The Chloroplast job is ...
Photosynthesis
67
Central Vacuole
Holds water, maintain turger pressure
68
ATP is a nucleotide, pentose and triphosphate
True

(Bio156) Unit 2/Exam 2- Study Guide (5 decks)

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