Chap 37 Special Consideration For Peds And Geriatric

Question 1

Babies from birth to 1 month of age are called

Answer 1

Neonates

Question 2

People between ages of 1 month and 2 years are called

Answer 2

Infants

Question 3

People between 2 and 12 years of age are

Answer 3

Children

Question 4

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are considered __________ processes.

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetic

Question 5

Drug _________ is the process by which a drug enters the blood stream

Answer 5

Absorption

Question 6

Neonates and infants have smaller ________, which can affect medication as much as overall weight

Answer 6

Skeletal structure

Question 7

Why do The youngest patients have less blood flow to their muscles than older people

Answer 7

Limited physical activity

Question 8

Medication administered to pediatric patient my IM injection will be absorbed _______ in an adult

Answer 8

More slowly than

Question 9

IM injection in peds patients increases risk of ______ because of slower absorption

Answer 9

Muscle and nerve damage

Question 10

Neonates have thinner _______ than an adult, so topical medication might be absorbed more completely and rapidly into system circulation

Answer 10

Skin

Question 11

The pH of a neonate’s digestive system is less acidic than an adult’s, which can lead to _______ and lower blood levels of a drug

Answer 11

Decreased bioavailability

Question 12

Which of the following protects against water soluble substances and is immature in peds patients?

Answer 12

Blood - brain barrier

Question 13

There are fewer ________ in peds patients than in adults, allowing more of a drug to remain unbound or “free” in the body

Answer 13

Plasma proteins

Question 14

Chemical alteration of a drug by the body is known as

Answer 14

Metabolism

Question 15

What is the process by which the body eliminates a drug

Answer 15

Excretion

Question 16

Which organs are most involved in metabolism and excretion

Answer 16

Liver and kidneys

Question 17

What kind of drug passes readily into cell membranes composed of fatty substances, such as the brain?

Answer 17

Lipid-soluble

Question 18

The process by which a drug reaches the various organs and tissues of the body is called

Answer 18

Distribution

Question 19

What type of drug can stunt pediatric growth

Answer 19

Steroids

Question 20

Which type of dosage form is most likely to help with compliance in peds patients

Answer 20

Flavored liquid

Question 21

Formulas for calculating dosage based on ______ are considered to the least reliable

Answer 21

Age

Question 22

The FDA recommends the OTC cough and cold product not be used for infants and children under _____ years of age because serious and potentially life threatening side effects can occur

Answer 22

2?

Question 23

Which formula for calculating peds dosage is based on weight

Answer 23

Clarks rule

Question 24

Pharmacokinetics for children is different because

Answer 24

Their organ system is not fully developed

Question 25

Smaller skeletal structure affects just as much as

Answer 25

Weight

Question 26

Limited physical activity means

Answer 26

Less blood flow, meaning an IM med would absorb slower increasing risk of muscle and nerve damage

Question 27

Thinner skin in peds can mean

Answer 27

Meds absorb more completely or quickly which could cause unexpected or enhanced drug effects not seen in adults

Question 28

Neonates gestational pH is

Answer 28

Lower then an adult which could lead to decreased bioavailability

Question 29

An adult brain has a blood - brain barrier which protects from

Answer 29

Water - soluble substances

Question 30

The blood - brain barrier in children is

Answer 30

Immature

Question 31

Because children have a higher percentage of body water compared to fat percentage

Answer 31

Lipid soluble meds would have decreased distribution leading to higher blood levels as it does not get distributed to organs