Chap 4

Question 1

Adverb

Answer 1

adverbs give information about time, place, manner or degree, and answer questions such as when?, where?, how?, how much?, to what extent? They usually modify verbs, although they may also modify adjectives, other adverbs, or even a whole sentence.

Unlike nouns, adverbs in Latin are not declined. Many adverbs end in -ter or -ē,

Question 2

Preposition

Answer 2

Like adverbs, Latin prepositions are not declined. In Latin as in English, a preposition never appears alone in a sentence. It occurs with a noun (or pronoun) called the object of the preposition, which is either in the accusative or the ablative case. Like adverbs, prepositional phrases give information about (e.g.) where, with whom, or why the action of the verb occurs.

A preposition usually comes before its object.

Question 3

Ablative case

Answer 3

The ablative singular always ends in a vowel, usually long.

Covers the common uses ‘ by, with, from, in, or at will cover most of the common uses. Other uses are -
* Means (Instrument) — the thing by or with which something is done - I see with my eyes

Expressions of Place. Latin regularly uses prepositional phrases to indicate where or in what direction an action happens:

*Preposition with Ablative

(Place Where) Agricola in agrō labōrat . The farmer works in the field

(place from which) Motion FROM - The girl wanders away from the crowd .

Notice that with either place from which or place to which , you should expect a verb of motion in the sentence .

Question 4

Expression of place

Answer 4

• Preposition with Accusative

Place to Which (Motion Towards) Portāsne aquam ad virōs? In templum ambulat. Are you carrying water to the men? She walks into the temple.

Question 5

Adverbial modification

Answer 5

Adverbial modifiers modify a verb , adverb , or adjective but not a noun.

The new items you have just learned ( adverbs , prepositional phrases , ablative of means ) and the dative of reference from the last chapter ( §19 ) function as adverbial modifiers . These modifiers are not part of the core of a sentence . While the “ core “ items ( subject , verb and , sometimes , direct object ) are required for a sentence to be complete , adverbial modifiers are not required , but can be added to provide extra information about what is going on in the sentence .

Question 6

Word order

Answer 6

In general , the first and last words of the sentence in Latin are the most important , so an author may put in those places whatever words he wants to emphasize . If no special emphasis is intended , usually the subject will appear first and the verb last .

Subject - modifier of subject - indirect object - modifier of verb - direct object - adverb - verb