Specific questions

Question 1

What is meant by indicative?

Answer 1

Mood which indicates a simple statement or question

Question 2

What are imperatives used for?

Answer 2

Latin imperatives are used for direct commands

Question 3

Genitive case uses?

Answer 3

Possession - the book of the girl (the girl’s book)

Of the whole (partitive) - animus virī the spirit of the man (the man’s spirit)

Question 4

A nominative plural noun is always followed by…?

Answer 4

nominative plural noun should be accompanied by a plural verb .

Question 5

What is declension

Question 6

What do adverbs modify?

Answer 6

Adjectives, other adverbs, or whole sentences?

Question 7

What are some uses of the ablative case?

Answer 7

Means (instrument) - the means by which something is done.

Preposition (with ablative)

Place where - the farmer works in the field

Place from which - The girl walks away from the crowd.

Question 8

What is always accompanied with a preposition?

Answer 8

A noun or pronoun, called the object of preposition, which is either in the accusative or ablative case.

Some prepositions can be used with either case and will have different meanings with each - a preposition normally precedes its object

Question 9

What is the vocative case used for

Answer 9

The vocative case in Latin is used to address a person ( or thing ) directly . Its form is identical to the nominative in both the singular and the plural of all declensions

Question 10

Dative case uses?

Answer 10

• Indirect Object - the person to whom something is given , said or done

Puellae dõnum dat = He gives a gift to the girl (or) = he gives the girl a gift

We tell stories to the man (or) = we tell the man stories)

Reference ( Interest ) - the person to whom a statement refers or is of interest

Dominō labōrat = He is working for the master .

Question 11

What case to show possession?

Answer 11

Genitive

Question 12

Typical word order

Answer 12

Subject - modifier of subject - indirect object - modifier of verb - direct object - adverb - verb

Question 13

What endings do adjectives use

Answer 13

Adjectives in Latin look like nouns and use most of the same endings. Unlike nouns, which have only one gender, adjectives have masculine, feminine and neuter forms.

Question 14

What case translates “to/for____”

Answer 14

Dative

Question 15

How to show accompaniment?

Answer 15

Use of the ablative case with the preposition cum

Question 16

What is the infinitive

Answer 16

The infinitive is a verbal noun , a form of the verb that is not limited ( infinitus ) by a personal ending.
To find the PRESENT stem of the verb, drop the -re from the present active indicative.

amā ( re ) - first conjugation monē ( re ) - second conjugation

An infinitive is a verbal abstract noun that can be used as the subject or object of a verb. Infinitives are singular, neuter in gender, and not limited by person or number

Question 17

What groups do adjectives fall into

Answer 17

Those using first and second declension nouns, and those using third declension nouns.

Question 18

What happens when the noun is modified in the ablative manner (c u m)

Answer 18

The adjective regularly comes first and the preposition may be omitted . If it is included , it often appears between the two words.

Magnā cum cūrā labōrat . She works with great care .

This shows accompaniment

Question 19

What happens when an adjective is used without a noun

Answer 19

In this use , the adjective functions as a noun , and the meaning is understood from the context.

If the adjective has a masculine ending , it usually indicates men ( or people in general ) ; if it is feminine , women ; if neuter , things

(put example)

Question 20

What case to show Of the whole (partitive)

Answer 20

Genitive case

Question 21

How to find the stem of an adjective

Answer 21

the stem of these adjectives can be determined by dropping the nominative feminine or neuter singular ending.

Question 22

What relationship between nouns can the genitive case express?

Answer 22

Explanatory - the genitive explains more about the noun

deus pontī = god of the sea

Objective - the genitive would be the object if the other noun were a verb imperium ponti command of the sea ( he commands the sea )

Subjective - the genitive would be the subject if the other noun were a verb

consilium turbae = the advice of the crowd ( the crowd advises )

Question 23

What case shows interest (reference)

Answer 23

Dative

Question 24

How to show the verb function as equal to the adjective/noun?

Answer 24

By using a linking verb such as sum - the subject of a finite verb is always nominative , and so is the subject complement.

Subject complement = predicate nominative

Question 25

What mostly ends in -ter or -e?

Answer 25

Adverbs

Question 26

Expression of place

Answer 26

* Preposition with Accusative Place to Which (Motion Towards) Portāsne aquam ad virōs? In templum ambulat. Are you carrying water to the men? She walks into the temple. *Preposition with Ablative (Place Where) Agricola in agrō labōrat . The farmer works in the field (place from which) Motion FROM - The girl wanders away from the crowd . Notice that with either place from which or place to which , you should expect a verb of motion in the sentence .

Question 27

To indicate a direct commands, Latin uses the...

Answer 27

Imperative mood. ama - (you) love! amate - (you all) love!

Question 28

Examples of adverbial modification

Answer 28

adverbs , prepositional phrases , ablative of means

Question 29

What does the imperfect tense mean and how does it translate into English?

Answer 29

The imperfect tense in Latin usually indicates an action going on in the past but not completed. It can be translated into English in a variety of ways, depending on the context of the sentence. Beginning of an action Attempted action Repeated/habitual action Continous action

Question 30

What does indicative mean?

Answer 30

Mood denoting simple statement or fact

Question 30

How and why does Latin 'gap' verbs?

Answer 30

Latin can leave out (“gap”) words in a sentence that are expected. This is especially common when a coordinating conjunction (§14) is present, but can occur without a conjunction too. When a gap is present it is important to pay close attention to the case of each word and to make use of your skill at expecting what should be present in the sentence. In Latin identical subjects, verbs or direct objects can be gapped in either the first or second coordinate clause; In Latin, the subject of a verb or the verb itself can sometimes be omitted. This is because Latin is a pro-drop language, meaning that pronouns are often left out, and the word order is flexible. Personal pronouns: Usually omitted unless emphasized. For example, amās means "you love" without the pronoun tū ("you"). Indefinite subjects: Often omitted. For example, crēderēs means "you would have supposed". Passive verbs: Often used impersonally without a subject. For example, diū atque ācriter pūgnātum est means "they fought long and vigorously".

Question 31

How is the future indicative tense shown, first and second conjugation

Answer 31

The future of first and second conjugation verbs can be recognised by the tense sign -bi- between the verb stem and the personal endings.

Question 32

What two groups do third declension nouns find themselves in?

Answer 32

those whose stems end in a consonant , and those whose stems end in -i-

Question 33

What words are used as partitive genitives?

Answer 33

In the genitive plural , the forms nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives ; nostrī and vestrī , like meī and tuī , are used objectively.

Question 34

How to tell when the infinitive is used as a noun?

Answer 34

In Latin, an infinitive is used as a noun when it acts as the subject of a sentence, or when it is used as a predicate nominative.

Question 35

What is an intransitive verb?

Answer 35

An intransitive verb in Latin is a verb that does not have a direct object, or accusative object.

Question 35

What word is used for emphasis, contrast or clarity?

Answer 35

The personal pronoun, specifically the nominative fovrms

Question 36

What is the infinitive?

Answer 36

The infinitive in Latin, just as in English, is a verbal noun, which retains properties of both verbs and nouns. When used as a complementary infinitive (§7b), it functions to complete the meaning of another verb. When used as a noun, the infinitive is considered neuter and singular, but retains its ability to govern an object and is modified by an adverb (not an adjective). This use of the infinitive is particularly common as the subject or subject complement of sum and with certain impersonal verbs.

Question 37

third and fourth conjugations are characterised by...

Answer 37

...having... -short -e- on their stem; -the short -e- becomes -u- in the third person plural and -a short -i- in the other forms. The Present Active Infinitive , as in the first and second conjugations , adds -re to the verb stem.

Question 38

Which sentence pattern requires a second accusative?

Answer 38

Factitive, which require both a direct object and a second accusative, that indicates the effect or consequence of the verb's action on the direct object : * subject * factitive verb * direct object * object complement ( predicate accusative

Question 39

Which tense is recognisable by the tense sign -ba- between the verb stem and the personal endings?

Answer 39

Imperfect active indicative of third and fourth conjugation

Question 40

which tense uses the sign -e-

Answer 40

The future of the third and fourth conjugations uses the vowel -e-

Question 41

What is used to point out, specifically, a person or thing?

Answer 41

Demonstrative pronouns

Question 42

How to use demonstrative pronouns as adjectives? What do they modify?

Answer 42

As in English , these pronouns can also be used as adjectives , modifying a noun : - did you see that man?; he likes those books. Adjectival Use - When used as adjectives , these demonstratives agree in case , number and gender with a noun in the sentence . When ille is used as an adjective , it may indicate a well - known or famous person or thing . When it does this , it usually follows the noun it modifies.

Question 43

What verbs take their direct object in something other than the accusative?

Answer 43

Certain intransitive verbs take their d.o in the dative or ablative, modifying the sentence - Notice that when sentences with one of these special verbs are translated into English , the object often sounds just like a direct object it makes the verb sound like a direct object

Question 44

What is a predicate nominative?

Answer 44

Predicate nominatives are nouns or pronouns that come after a linking verb, and is a type of subject complement.

Question 45

What do adverbs normally end in?

Answer 45

-ter or -e

Question 46

What is the typical word order in Latin?

Answer 46

Subject - modifier of subject - indirect object - modifier of verb - direct object - adverb - verb

Question 47

What is a predicate accusative?

Answer 47

A predicate accusative is a noun or adjective in the accusative case that refers to the same person or thing as the direct object in a sentence. It is used with certain verbs, such as verbs of naming, choosing, and making.