CHAP 42 - CVS Flashcards
(22 cards)
A term used to define heart disorders that develop after birth. Kawasaki disease is the leading cause of acquired heart diseaseinchildren.
ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE
An acute febrile syndrome associated with generalized vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) affecting all bloodvesselsthroughout the body, including the coronary arteries.
can be divided into an acute phase (week 1) and subacute phase (week 2 and 3). There are certaincriteriathat a child must meet for this diagnosis
KAWASAKI DISEASE
An autoimmune disease that occurs as a reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, specifically, apharyngitis.Inflammation from the immune response leads to inflammatory lesions in the heart, blood vessels, brain, and joints.
RHEUMATIC FEVER
A disorder of the heart muscle and, although rare, is a common cause of HF in children and the most commoncauseof hearttransplantation in children older than 1 year of age.
CARDIOMYOPATHY
That impact the heart can be secondary to infectious process (viral or bacterial) but canalsobeidiopathic or can be due to toxins, hypersensitivity reactions, systemic disorders, trauma. This inflammation can affect anylayerof the heart, and presentation, management and outcomes vary with each
INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES
An acute or chronic inflammatory process affecting the myocardium and myocytes
MYOCARDITIS
- An inflammation of the pericardial membrane with or without accumulation of excess pericardial fluid.
PERICARDITIS
- An inflammation and infection of the endocardium or valves of the heart.
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
the inability of the heart to deliver enough oxygenated blood to meet body’s metabolic needs
Is a common result of myocardial dysfunction, regardless of origin
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
is the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles each minute
The formula for calculating cardiac output is: HEART RATE x STROKE VOLUME
CARDIAC OUTPUT
STROKE VOLUME DEPENDS ON PCAC
PRELOAD
CONTRACTILITY
AFTERLOAD
COMPLIANCE
R TO L SHUNT
CYANOTIC
DEOXYGENATED
L TO R SHUNT
ACYANOTIC
OXYGENATED
A persistnet fetal shunt between the aorta and pulmonary artery
Should close within a few days after birth
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
An opening in the atrial septum due to incmomplete septal tissue formation
Allows left-to-right shunting of blood (acyanotic)
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)
A congenital defect where pulmonary veins do not connect to the left atrium. Instead, they drain into the right atriumorsystemic veins, leading to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (APVR)
A single large arterial trunk arises from the heart and gives rise to the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and coronary arteries.
Truncus Arteriosus (TA)
A sudden episode of worsened cyanosis due to increased right- to-left shunting from spasm or increased obstructionintheRV outflow tract:
Hypercanotic Spell or “Tet Spell”
is a congenital heart defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta, typically at thelevell oftheductus arteriosus insertion. This narrowing is thought to result from the migration or extension of ductal tissue intotheaorticwall during fetal development, which causes constriction after birth.
Coarctation of the Aorta
s is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart, such that problems result. It may occur at theaorticvalve as well as above and below this level.
AORTIC STENOSIS
has evolved significantly since the 1950s, when cardiopulmonary bypass was first successfullyused for intracardiac repairs. Advances in surgical techniques and supportive technologies have drastically improved survival rates.
CARDIAC SURGERY
is a diagnostic or interventional procedure where thin catheters are inserted throughaveinorartery into the heart to assess and treat cardiac conditions.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
