chap 5 Flashcards

(59 cards)

1
Q

aneurysm

A

localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel (usually artery) d/t a congenital defect/weakness in the vessel wall

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2
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; ANGINA

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3
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; DYSRHYTHMIA

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4
Q

fibrillation

A

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers

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5
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

(most common form of arterisclerosis) caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls= partial and eventually total occlusion

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7
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound (heard on auscultation) from turbulent blood flow

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8
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

abnormal condition affecting heart’s arteries, that produces various pathological effects like reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to myocardium

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9
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body (commonly in the iliac and femoral veins)

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10
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved matter–commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble00that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

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11
Q

Heart block

A

interference w/ normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle

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12
Q

First-degree

A

atrioventricular (AV) block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted ventricles

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13
Q

Second-degree

A

AV block in which occasional electrical impulses from the SA node fail to be conducted to the ventricles

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14
Q

Third-degree

A

AV block in which electrical impulses from the atria fail to reach the ventricles; COMPLETE HEART BLOCK (CHB)

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15
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; congestive heart failure (CHF)

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16
Q

hypertension

A

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher that 119/79mm HG, causing damage to the blood vessels and ultimately the heart

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17
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part d/t an interruption of blood flow

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18
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

condition in which the lealets of the miral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

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19
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation, caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

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20
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caued by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; HEART ATTACK

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21
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

failure of the ductus arterioles to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

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22
Q

Raynaud phenomenon

A

numbness in fingers or toes d/t intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

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23
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that caused damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

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24
Q

stroke

A

damage to part of the brain d/t interruption of its blood supple; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)

25
thrombus
aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors; BLOOD CLOT
26
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary interference in blood supply to the brain, w/o permanent brain damage
27
varicose veins
swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin
28
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
deficiency of cellular immunity induced by infection w/ HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases
29
Hodgkin Disease
malignant disease w/ progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes
30
Kaposi Sarcoma
malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat , muscle, and fibrous tissue
31
lymphadenitis
inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, result of infection
32
mononucleosis
acute infection caused by the Epstein0Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
33
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
any of a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue ; LYMPHOSARCOMA
34
Cardiac Catheterization
insertion of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery, to provide evaluation of the heart
35
cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
36
echocardiography
ultrasound to evaluate the heart and great vessels and diagnose cardiovascular lesions
37
electrocardiography (ECG)
creation and study of graphic records by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; CARDIOGRAPHY
38
Holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings on a portable tape recorded while the patient conducts normal daily activities
39
stress test
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions while measuring the amount of oxygen consumption
40
nuclear
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
41
troponin I
Blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle
42
Ultrasonography (US)
imaging technique that records high frequency sound waves to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
43
bone marrow aspiration biopsy
removal of living bone marrow tissue, for microscopic examination
44
ELISA
blood test used to creen for an antibody to the AIDS virus
45
lymphangiography
radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels
46
tissue typing
used to determine histocompatibility of tissues used in grafts and transplants; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING
47
angioplasty
any endovascular prodcedue that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow, usually using balloon dilation
48
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
a surgeon removes one or more of a patient's peripheral veins and then sutures each end of the vein onto the coronary artery to rout blood flow around a blockage in a coronary artery, thus increasing blood flow to the heart
49
cardioversion
delivery of brieft discharges of electriity that pass across the chest to stop a cardiac arrhythmia and restore normal sinus rhythm; DEFIBRILLATION
50
defibrillator
device designed to administer electric shock to restore normal sinus rhythm
51
Automatic implantable Cardioverte-Defibrillator (AICD)
surgically implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillations
52
Automatic external defibrillator (AED)
Portable computerized defibrillator that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
53
endartherectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
54
carotid endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery
55
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
56
valvuloplasty
plastic or restorative surgery on a valve, especially a cardiac valve
57
lymphangiectomy
removal of a lymph vessel
58
statins
drugs that reduce cholesterol levels by decreasing low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and slightly increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins
59
thrombolytic therapy
administration of drugs to dissolve a blood clot