Chap. 5- Brainstem Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the diencephalon made up of?
Epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus
What makes the epithalamus
Habenula, pineal gland, caudal commissure and subcommissural organ
What does the pineal gland do?
Forms let of the circuits that regulate the circadian rhythm by secreting melatonin
Which sense does not pass through the thalamus?
Olfactory (piriform), all other reach here before going to cortex
How is the thalamus divided?
Into three areas separated by two laminae of white matter - internal medullary lamina and external medullary lamina
What does the internal medullary lamina separate? What are the nuclei?
Thalamic nuclei into rostro dorso medial group and lateral ventro caudal group
Intralaminar nuclei
What does the external medullary lamina separate?
Latest group from reticular nucleus
External to this nucleus is the internal capsule
What forms the metathalamus?
Lateral and medial geniculate nucleus
What do the lateral and medial geniculate nucleus receive? What are the associated colliculi?
Lateral- visual, rostral
Medial- auditory, caudal group
What does the hypothalamus do? What is it formed by?
Integrates the endocrine system and ANS by maintain homeostasis and regulating intention, behavior and circadian rhythm
Hypothalamic nuclei, optic chiasm, hypophysis, optic tract, tuber cinereum and mammillary bodies
What is the tuber cinereum?
Eminence of gray matter situated behween the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies
Gives rise to infundibulum and the neural lobe of the hypophysis
What is near and goes into the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery
Cn 3,4,5(ophth),6
What hormones does the neurohypophysis release?
ADH, oxytocin
What is the dorsal part of the midbrain
Tectum
Has two rostral and two caudal coliculli
What is the ventral part of the midbrain called
Tegmentum, substantia nigra and crus cerebri
Cerebral peduncles
What is the tegmentum formed by?
Periaqueductal gray
Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Parasympathetic nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of trochlear nerve
Red nucleus
Interpeduncular nucleus
Mesencephalic tract and nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Decussation of rostral cerebellar peduncles
Tectospinal tract
What makes up the substantia nigra
Pars compacta and reticulata
Pars compacta
Formed by dopaminergic cells that receive axons from cerebrum thalamus and corpus striatum
Projects to the basal nuclei
Pars reticulata
Receives fibers from the subthalamus and projects to midbrain nuclei to control saccadic eye movements
Crus cerebri
Formed by pyramidal and corticopontine tract
