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History Patterns - Unit 2 > Chap 5.2 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 5.2 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Athens was the world’s first _______________

What is it?

A

Athens was the world’s first democracy, a form of government run by the people

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2
Q

What was Athens ruled by?

A
  • Athens, birthplace of democracy
  • Not always democratic city
  • First ruled by kings
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3
Q

What was Nature of Athenian Democracy?

Who could participate?

A
  • As democracy, Athens ruled by the people, but not all people able to take part in government; only about 10 percent of total population
  • Only free male Athenians over age 20 who had completed military training allowed to vote
  • Women, immigrants, children, slaves had no role in government
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4
Q

What could participants in Athenian government do?

A

•Those allowed to take part in government expected to:

–Vote in all elections

–Serve in office if elected

–Serve on juries

–Serve in military during war

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5
Q

What were the 3 main bodies in Athenian democracy?

A
  • Athenian democracy consisted of three main bodies—
  • Assembly
  • Council of 500
  • Courts
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6
Q

What was the Assembly?

A
  • Included everyone eligible to serve in government
  • All present voted on laws
  • Called direct democracy
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7
Q

What was the Council of 500?

A

Council of 500

•Wrote laws to be voted on by full assembly

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8
Q

What were the COURTS ?

A

Courts

Trials, sentenced criminals

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9
Q

The ________ Wars occurred in the early _____.

This was a conflict between the Greek city-states and the _________

A

The Persian Wars

In the early 400s BC, the Greek city-states came into conflict with the Persian Empire

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10
Q

What caused the Persian War?

What was the root of the Persian War?

A

Roots of Persian Wars lay in region of Ionia, in what is now Turkey

Ionian city-states founded as Greek colonies, fell under Persian rule, 500s BC

  • Ionian Greeks unhappy with Persian rule
  • Wanted independence
  • Rebelled, 499 BC
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11
Q

What did the Ionian Greeks do?

A
  • Ionian Greeks asked fellow Greeks for help
  • Athens sent aid, ships
  • Persians put down revolt

–Revolt made Persian emperor Darius angry enough to seek revenge

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12
Q

What happened in the first Persian Invasion?

A

The First Persian Invasion

  • 490 BC, Persians set out to fulfill Darius’s plans for revenge
  • Fleet carrying tens of thousands of Persian troops set out for Greece
  • Came ashore near town of Marathon, not far from Athens
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13
Q

Who won at the Battle of Marathon?

What do we remember about Marathon?

A
  • Greeks defeat the Persians
  • Legend says Athenian messenger named Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens after battle to announce Greek victory; died from exhaustion after delivering message
  • Legend inspired modern marathon, 26-mile race in his honor
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14
Q

Who led the Second Invasion?

A

Preparations for a Second Invasion

  • Darius planned second invasion, but died before invasion launched
  • Son Xerxes vowed revenge, continued to plan attack on Greece
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15
Q

What did Xerxes do? When?

A

Xerxes

  • 480 BC, 10 years after first invasion, Xerxes set out for Greece
  • Hundreds of thousands of soldiers
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16
Q

What did the Athenians do to fight the invasion?

A
  • Faced with invasion, Athenians called on other Greek city-states to help fight off Persians
  • Athens, bitter rival, agreed to help
  • Sparta took charge of Greek armies
  • 300
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17
Q

What happened at Thermopylae?

A

The Greeks worried that they would not have time to prepare their troops for battle. To slow down the Persians, a group of Spartans and their allies gathered in a mountain pass at Thermopylae, through which the Persians would pass to get into Greece

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18
Q

What did the Spartans do at Thermopylae?

A

The Second Persian Invasion

  • Spartans held off entire Persian army for several days
  • Persians shown alternate path through mountains; were able to surround, kill Spartans
  • Spartans’ sacrifice bought time for Greeks’ defense
19
Q

Who won at Thermopylae?

A

Persian army was no longer a match for the Greeks; and within a year the Greeks had won the Persian Wars

20
Q

After the Persian Wars, what was Athens like?

A

The Golden Age of Athens

After the Persian wars, Athens entered a golden age as the center of Greek culture and politics

21
Q

What did the Greek city-states do after the Persian Wars?

A

Alliance

  • After Persian Wars city-states banded together to defend each other
  • Largest, richest member was Athens
22
Q

What did the city-states form?

Who controlled the money?

A

Delian League

  • Delian League
  • Athens controlled the league’s money
23
Q

How did some members feel?

A

Increased Influence

  • Some members resented Athenian dominance
  • League became Athenian empire
24
Q

What did Athens do?

Where did money come from?

A

Rebuilding Athens

  • Athens rebuild
  • The Money came from treasury of Delian League
25
How did Athens rebuild?
**Collective Funds to Rebuild** ## Footnote * Other members of League not happy, but not powerful enough to stop Athens * Rebuilding began at top, with acropolis, series of grand temples
26
What did the rebuilding do to Athens?
**Height of Culture** ## Footnote * Grandest temple, Parthenon, dedicated to goddess Athena * Athenians expanded port, built new roads, * Rebuilt Athens considered height of Greek culture
27
Who was most responsible for rebuilding of Athens?
**The Age of Pericles** ## Footnote Much of the rebuilding of Athens was due to one man — Pericles, a skilled politician and gifted public speaker
28
When did Pericles live? Who was Pericles?
•460s Pericles became Athens’ most influential politician
29
What did Pericles champion?
**Great champion of democracy** ## Footnote – Introduced payment for those who served in public offices, on juries – Encouraged Athenians to introduce democracy elsewhere
30
How did Pericles contribute to the ARTS?
**Patron of the Arts** ## Footnote •Commissioned building Parthenon, other monuments –Hired artists, sculptors to decorate them
31
What did Pericles want for Athens?
**Wanted Athens to be most glorious city in Greece** ## Footnote – Believed it had best government, noblest people, monuments to prove superiority
32
The ___________ War was between Athens and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**The Peloponnesian War** Between Athens and Sparta
33
What caused the The Peloponnesian War?
Being rich and mighty brought many powerful rivals, the greatest of which was Sparta, which wanted to end its dominance
34
What did Spartans form?
**Peloponnesian League** ## Footnote * Sparta head of Peloponnesian League, allied city-states * Formed 500s BC, to provide protection, security for members
35
What did the Peloponnesian League lead to?
* Tensions built between Delian, Peloponnesian Leagues * Mutual fear led to war between Athens, Sparta
36
What resulted from the conflict between the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues
**War** ## Footnote * 431 BC, the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues declared war * Lasted many years
37
In the war between Athens and Sparta \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and allies dominated \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Athens and allies dominated \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**War in Greece** Sparta, allies dominated land; Athens, allies dominated sea
38
What was the course of War from 430 BC to 421 BC?
**Plague and Peace** ## Footnote - 430, 429 BC, plague struck Athens, changed course of war - Pericles dies - After plague, fighting heated up until truce in 421 BC
39
Who eventually won? Who surrended?
**Sparta’s Victory** ## Footnote - 415 BC, war broke out again, - Athens surrendered 404 BC
40
What did Sparta try to do but failed to do for Greece?
After victory, Sparta’s army tried to act as Greece’s dominant power Spartans could not keep control of Greece
41
Who defeated Sparta? Were they able to keep control?
City-state of Thebes defeated Sparta could not maintain control either
42
Who was the leader that took control of Greece?
340s BC, King Philip II of Macedonia, a Greek-speaking kingdom of the north, took control of all Greece.
43
King Philip II of Macedonia was known as the father of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Philip is mostly remembered for being the father of **Alexander the Great**

History Patterns - Unit 2 (26 decks)

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