Chap 6

Question 1

can generate quite a bit of heat, which could cause the chip to malfunction or fail.

Answer 1

Processor chips

Question 2

small ceramic or metal component with fins on its
surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced.

Answer 2

heat sink

Question 3

uses a continuous flow of fluid, such as
water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away

Answer 3

Liquid cooling technology

Question 4

rests below a laptop and protects the computer from
overheating.

Answer 4

cooling pad

Question 5

main circuit board of the
computer

A computer chip is a small piece of semiconducting
material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched (cut or carve (a text or design) on a surface)

Answer 5

motherboard

Question 6

What is machine cycle?

Answer 6

• Fetching is the process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory.
• Decoding refers to the process of translating the instructions into signals the computer can execute.
• Executing is the process of carrying out the commands.
• Storing, in this context, “writing” means writing the result to memory (not to a storage medium).

Question 7

interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Processor with more core perform better.

Answer 7

central processing unit (CPU)

Question 8

a single chip with two or more separate processor cores.

Answer 8

multi-core processor

Question 9

responsible for holding data & programs ass they are being processed by the CPU.

Answer 9

Computer memory

Question 10

the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

Answer 10

control unit

Question 11

another component of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Answer 11

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Question 12

controls the timing of all computer operations

Answer 12

system clock

Question 13

generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail

Answer 13

A processor chip

Question 14

Require additional cooling

Answer 14

– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling technology
– Cooling pads

Question 15

An operating system and other apps require a certain
amount of RAM to function properly.

Question 16

swap file, or paging file

Answer 16

The area of the hard drive temporarily used to store data that cannot fit in RAM

Question 17

• It is the temporary storage location.
• It is stored on one or more chips
  connected to the main circuit board of
  the computer (the motherboard).
• It is volatile memory.
• The motherboard is a circuit board
  inside a computer that contains the
  microprocessor, the computer memory,
  and other internal devices.

Answer 17

RAM

Question 18

• It is the permanent storage location.
• It is stored on a chip that contains
  BIOS connected to the main circuit
  board of the computer (the
  motherboard).
• It is non-volatile memory.
• Computer manufacturers update the
  instructions on the ROM chip, which
  are referred to as firmware

Answer 18

ROM

Question 19

Type of RAM

Answer 19

• Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
• Static RAM
• Magnetto-resistive RAM
• Flash memory

Question 20

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

Answer 20

Memory needs to be constantly recharged or
contents will be erased. (Volatile)

Question 21

Static RAM

Answer 21

Memory can be recharged less frequently than
DRAM but can be more expensive than DRAM (Volatile)

Question 22

Memory uses magnetic charges to store
contents and can retain its contents in the
absence of power (non-volatile)

Answer 22

Magneto-resistive RAM

Question 23

Fast type of memory that is typically less
expensive than some other types of RAM and
can retain its contents in the absence of power. (Non-volatile)

Answer 23

Flash memory

Question 24

Cloud computing consists of a front end and a
back end, connected to each other through a
network

Question 25

the hardware and software with which a user interacts to access the cloud.

Answer 25

front end

Question 26

the servers and storage devices that manage and store the resources accessed by users.

Answer 26

back end

Question 27

allows companies to outsource, or contract to third-party providers, elements of their information technology infrastructure.

Answer 27

Cloud computing

Question 28

SaaS (software as a service)

Answer 28

consumers and organizations rely on cloud computing services to manage: ✔ Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) ✔ Storage as service (STaaS) ✔ Desktop as a service ✔ Data as a service (DaaS) ✔ Platform as a service (PaaS)

Question 29

Some additional cloud services include: ✔ Synchronize files ✔ Write documents ✔Backup files ✔ Stream media

Question 30

* Verify that the company is reputable and has been in business for an extended period of time. * Choose a provider that encrypts your files. * Determine whether the provider’s service is compatible with your computer(s) and mobile device(s). * Compare the price of various storage plans and choose a provider that offers competitive pricing. * Verify that the cloud storage provider will support the types of files you want to back up. If desired, choose a cloud storage provider that allows you to share selected files with others. * Consider whether the provider offers a mobile app that you can use to access your files using a mobile device

Question 31

Home and business users choose cloud computing for a variety of reasons

Answer 31

– Accessibility – Cost savings – Space savings – Scalability

Question 32

digital currency that can be used to transfer money or payments between users or corporations is not backed or secured by a government.

Answer 32

Cryptocurrency

Question 33

such as Venmo, enable you to transfer money between your credit card or bank account and another user.

Answer 33

Payment apps

Question 34

such as ApplePay, is an app that is connected to a specific payment card or financial account

Answer 34

digital wallet

Question 35

Some steps to protect your cloud-based data include:

Answer 35

* Choose your cloud provider(s) carefully, whether you are using a web-based app that also offers storage, such as Google Drive, or using an online backup system. * Read the user agreement for your cloud provider. * Set the most advanced privacy settings that your service allows. * Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication to protect against unauthorized access from hackers. * Do not store sensitive data or other information, without ensuring that they will be encrypted.

Question 36

Analog

Answer 36

signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality

Question 37

Digital

Answer 37

signals are in one of two states: on or off

Question 38

binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)

Answer 38

Bits and bytes

Question 39

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data

Answer 39

Memory

Question 40

Memory usually consists of one or more chips on the motherboard or some other circuit board on the computer.

Question 41

Memory stores three basic categories of items:

Answer 41

✔ The operating system (a program that manages the complete operation of your computer) and other programs that control or maintain the computer and its devices. ✔ Applications that carry out a specific task, such as word processing. ✔ The data being processed by the applications and the resulting

Question 42

is the basic storage unit in memory. resides temporarily in a location in memory that has an address.

Answer 42

byte

Question 43

a unique number that identifies the location of a byte in memory. * To access data or instructions in memory, the computer references the addresses that contain bytes of data

Answer 43

address

Question 44

RAM, also called main memory, consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices

Question 45

Today’s computers improve their processing times with cache (pronounced cash), which is a temporary storage area.

Answer 45

Memory cache helps speed up the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Question 46

refers to memory chipsstoring permanent data and instructions – Firmware

Answer 46

Read-only memory (ROM)

Question 47

can be erased electronically and rewritten – CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information when the power to the computer is off - non-volatile -memory cards contains it on a removable device

Answer 47

Flash memory

Question 48

Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other memory chips use CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology as it provides high speeds and consumes little power. * CMOS technology uses battery power to retain information even when the power to the computer is off. * Battery-backed CMOS memory chips. * The flash memory chips that store a computer’s startup information often use CMOS technology

Question 49

the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory – Measured in nanoseconds

Answer 49

Access time

Question 50

enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit and/or provides connections to peripheral devices – Sound card and video card

Answer 50

adapter card

Question 51

a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an adapter card

Answer 51

expansion slot

Question 52

Plug and Play technology

Answer 52

the computer automatically can recognize peripheral devices as you install them

Question 53

enhances functions of a mobile computer and/or provides connections to peripheral devices

Answer 53

USB adapter

Question 54

bus

Answer 54

allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with one another – Data bus – Address bus

Question 55

Word size

Answer 55

the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Question 56

three types of buses:

Answer 56

– System bus – Backside bus – Expansion bus

Question 57

converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

Answer 57

power supply or laptop AC adapter